Lex Fridman Podcast - #259 – Thomas Tull: From Batman Dark Knight Trilogy to AI and the Rolling Stones

Episode Date: January 27, 2022

Thomas Tull is founder of Legendary Entertainment, Tulco, part-owner of Pittsburgh Steelers, and guitarist for the band Ghost Hounds. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Paperspace: https://gradient.run/lex to get $15 credit - ROKA: https://roka.com/ and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Tulco: https://tulcoholdings.com/ Ghost Hounds: https://www.ghosthounds.com/ Pittsburgh Steelers: https://www.steelers.com/ Legendary Entertainment: https://www.legendary.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:14) - Legendary Entertainment (23:56) - James Cameron (25:50) - Storytelling (36:02) - Allure of movies (39:56) - Future of American industries (58:48) - Tulco (1:03:58) - Intellectual honest and life lessons (1:14:30) - Colossal (1:18:28) - Warren Buffet (1:27:10) - The Rolling Stones (1:45:20) - Greatest guitarist (1:53:33) - Thomas Tull's music (2:03:00) - Football (2:13:56) - Advice for young people (2:19:42) - Mortality and death

The following is a conversation with Thomas Tall, founder of Legendary Entertainment, known for producing blockpusters. Like Batman's Dark Nitriloogie, the hangover franchise, Godzilla, Inception, Jurassic World, 300 and many more. He runs Talko, which is an investment company that focuses on how artificial intelligence can revolutionize large industries. He is part owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, he's the guitarist for the band Ghost Hounds that tours with the Rolling Stones.

But most importantly, he is humble, doubted earth, and someone who has quickly become a mentor and friend. And now a quick few second mention of each sponsor. Check them out in the description it's the best way to support this podcast. First is paper space. A platform I use to train and deploy machine learning models. Second is Roka. My favorite sunglasses and prescription glasses.

Third is inside tracker. A service I use to track my biological data. Fourth is athletic greens. The all-in-one nutrition drink I drink twice a day. And fifth is eight sleep. A self-cooling mattress cover I sleep on. So the choice is Artificial Intelligence, Style, or Health. Choose Wazzling My Friends. And now onto the full ad reads.

As always, no ads in the middle, I try to make these interesting, but if you skip them, please still check out the sponsors. I enjoy their stuff, Maybe you will too. This show is brought to you by PaperSpace Gradient, which is a platform that lets you build, train, and deploy machine learning models of any size and complexity. I love how powerful intuitive it is. I've been doing a lot more machine learning recently

and I've been really wanting to release code so that people can use it for educational purposes. So I would definitely use paper space for the couple of machine learning experiments that I'm doing and use those notebooks to then release it so others can follow along as well for the upcoming videos that I have on the machine learning side. Fast AI, of course I highly recommend run by Jeremy Howard. He's brilliant. I love him as an educator and as a researcher. I'm really excited about what they're calling workflows, which provides a way to automate machine learning pipelines on top of gradient compute infrastructure.

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This is Alex Friedman podcast and here is my conversation with Thomas Tull. In 2004, you founded Legendary Entertainment, known for producing blockbusters like Batman's Dark Knight Trilogy that includes Batman Be Batman begins Dark Knight and Dark Knight rises The hangover franchise Godzilla andception Jurassic World 300 and the list goes on It's just some of the biggest movies in history What does it take to make an epic movie like that? What does it take to make it happen from start to finish? Well, look I've been enamored with movies since I was a kid as a fan and I think what you need is to be able to tell a great story. And if you're going to tell a great story, you need a great director.

You got to start with a fantastic script that is able to take some of these iconic characters that we did and put your own stamp on it while still respecting the mythology. And I had zero experience in movies and television before I started legendary. So it was a very interesting trip. Total luck that we had the opportunity to make five movies at the time with Chris Nolan who turned out to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time But it's each one is its own little startup company And I don't think there's any formula to get there But I know that if you don't have a great director and a great script if you don't have that foundation

It's hard to pull off who's the CEO of that little startup company? Is the director? Who would you say kind of defines the success of the failure of a movie? Well, when you build a big movie like that, it's an enormous effort 360 degrees. I mean, from digital effects, I certainly, the actors. I mean, if you have an amazing script, an amazing director, but you don't believe anybody playing the parts, that's a problem. So the reason I think it was so difficult to pull off is always used to say you start with a stack of papers with words on it called a script, bring that to life,

and you're asking an audience to believe in everything that you're trying to put out there, and you've got a cast that even if they're immensely talented individually they have to mesh together and they have to have chemistry together and You know the director is kind of the general on the the battlefield But if you have a strong producer who's very hands-on But it truly to me is each one had its own story and its own sort of

how it came to be and why it worked or didn't work. So you said you were new to the industry, but you did a lot of revolutionary things with legendary. So at that time, and now what is the good, the bad and ugly of the business of filmmaking? What are some interesting holes that you were able to or like problems that you were able to fix? What problems still exist that can still be solved? Well look, the business has changed so radically since 2004. When I started legendary DVDs, we're still a cash cow. So, you know, that's how far things have come. But I would say a couple of things.

The reason that I started it from a business perspective was at the time it was a $30 billion industry and there was no institutional capital around the movie business. And I was fascinated by that because almost every other category that you look at of that size as institutional capital, private equity, etc. It's kind of a cottage industry set up around it. And I was perplexed and fascinated that that didn't occur. And the way the movie business worked was unlike any business I'd ever

looked at before. So after kind of convincing myself that you could actually make money if you were disciplined and had the right approach, you know, when out raised the money from the capital markets, which was Herky Lee and still maybe the hardest thing I've ever done in my career to walk around and say, look, I have no experience. I've never done this before, but you know, and the second thing being very fortunate at the time was able to partner up with Warner Brothers. Warners at the time was run by a man named Alan Horn, who besides being creative is also

a Harvard MBA? So really understood what I wanted to do And Alan, you know, was just an absolute gentleman someone that I still look up to to these to this day After Warner Brothers, he went and ran Disney with their run You know between Marvel and Star Wars and everything and so between Alan being responsible for Harry Potter, the dark night stuff, and then Andal the Disney stuff, he probably had his greater career as anyone I've ever heard of in the movie business.

So my first focus was around sort of two concepts, global worldwide, large tent pole films and franchises. And then the business aspect of bringing long-term institutional capital to bear. I'm going to ask you dumb questions, which is part of the style, I guess, but just for people who don't know, including me, what is institutional, what is capital, what is institutional capital, what is equity, what is private equity? Got it.

Okay. Well, so if you're starting a company and you go around to a bunch of your successful friends and say, hey, you should invest in my company. That's sort of, that's great and it's capital, but it's not getting money from fidelity or T-Row or You know a sovereign wealth fund or an endowment fund from a university that has large pools of organized capital That has a long-term point of view on your business So if you get money from your neighbor who's a successful dentist, next year, the dentist may say, Hey, times are hard. I need my money back. If you're partners with, you

know, fidelity or Morgan Stanley or any of these institutions, they have the capital and the wherewithal to say, OK, I'm looking in this over the next five to 10 years. And I thought there was an opportunity to bring that type of capital to the movie business to be patient. And the benefit of that patient, so long term, you have to deal with fewer parties and they would do much larger investments. So what are the benefits, what are the sort of the challenges of that kind of investment? Well, I think the benefits in some ways are the professionals who are largely dispassionate. Right? It's like, look, if you're hitting the numbers you told me and you're hitting your plan,

great. And the other thing that always was interesting to me about the movie business is if I'm investing in our official intelligence company or a chipset company or something like that, a lot of the institutions don't have the technical expertise to really truly grasp what's being done so they don't, you know, other than good business practices, they're not offering every little opinion. The movies and television are completely approachable, meaning everybody has an opinion. So, you know, whether it's, I think you guys chose the wrong actor for that or

why did you do that move? It's, it's, so it invites a lot more sort of second guessing and things like that. So that was always one of the idiosyncrasies of the business that I thought was interesting. And then when you talk about private equity versus public equity, if you're a public company where the companies can are traded, you want to buy Microsoft shares, you just go to your broker, go on TD Ameritrade and buy them. If on the other hand, you're talking about private equity, that's institutions or individuals investing

in private companies. So if you have pools of capital that mostly invest in private equity deals, that's how you think about it. It's difficult to make those happen because it's individuals, if the sort of what have dinners and agree. It's much less, it's much more human, much less mechanical, I would say. Yeah.

Now, and again, massive difference between large private equity shops who are professionalized and in the same category that I mentioned earlier versus private individuals who are wealthy or whatever, but again, it's much more individualized when you're going to people who like your idea and just say, I'd like to invest in this. Is that from all the kinds of investments you've seen, what do you think is the most conducive to creating works of genius, whether that's in technology, AI space,

or whether that's in movies? So creating something special in this world. I would say a couple of things, enough money that whatever endeavor you're going into that you're not so nervous about the edges, right? If I have $100 to spend, and I think I can create a perpetual motion machine

or something for $104, I can't do it because they're all over me about the budget. So I would say making sure that you have enough capital, making sure that that capital is patient enough so that it's, you know, if you're going to do things that are extraordinary, it takes some time. And you're going to break stuff, right? You're going to make mistakes. You're going to have a whole bunch of film on the cutting room floor, so to speak, or if you're in the lab, you're going to have a whole bunch of film on the cutting room floor, so to speak,

or if you're in the lab, you're going to have a whole bunch of broken stuff. And I also think it's very important at the beginning, and I always try to do this with companies I invest in or buy, is make sure that you have a philosophical and somewhat mechanical alignment with the management team. So that going in, you both understand, hey, this is how we think about this problem or this company. This is what we feel like our culture is. This is what our goal is. And these are the metrics by which will agree to measure them by. Because if you don't have that shared, you know, hey, we're gonna take this journey Then I think that's where people get upset disappointed, etc. What about? This is a weird question, but constraints. So this is both for filmmaking and investment

Do you think more money is always better? No So I I like constraints a lot. It's like constraints and almost like a desperation and deadlines are catalyst for creativity, for productivity, for sort of innovation. So can you kind of speak to that as an investor, as a creator? Like, what's the right balance here?

Well, I think if you're focused on a particular problem or a company or a thesis, if you have that focus and you feel like I have unlimited resources or renewable resources, so there's really, there's no leverage in the situation. Right? There's no, if I fail at this, I'll just go get more money. Right? I'll just go. I think that's a hard way to be resilient and to think of new ways to solve problems. and to think of new ways to solve problems.

So I think capitalizing things just, to the nth degree, does create some problems. So I think there's that perfect blend of don't starve the oxygen to the point where you make short-term decisions or non-strategic or thoughtful decisions because you gotta pay the rent. And on the other hand, you can't have it be like this, or non-strategic or thoughtful decisions because you got to pay the rent. And on the other hand, you can't have it be like this,

you know, everlasting gobstopper of whatever you want. We'll just keep flowing the cash because that doesn't create any friction points that I think do result in works of genius and things that are transformative. And one of the things that is interesting to me about society sort of writ large is I think that when you go through hard times, you have to do things that are uncomfortable and you don't want to do them because you're tired because you're that in some ways builds up that you're

comfortable being uncomfortable muscle. And I sometimes think we're losing that a little bit and you can't sort of paint with a wide brush, but you know, that's one of the things that I kind of observe and hope that we don't go that way. I do think challenged and discomfort are kind of gift. It's like overcoming that. It's like from every perspective, from a human perspective, it's a source of happiness and fulfillment, overcoming challenge, but from a business perspective, I see like, if something is really difficult, to me, it's also a sign that many others would fail

at this point. So like, it's a feature, it's nice that something is difficult. When people tell you that something is impossible, I love that because it's like, all right, well, then that's what a lot of people will believe. And that gives you an opportunity to be the person who shows it's not impossible. And you, of course, you might be wrong, but if you're not wrong, you have the opportunity to stand out. So going through that hardship, taking those big risks, it's going to really pay off. So it's like, this comfort is a feature, not a bug.

Of both personal life, it's just good for life. But for business, it seems like just good business sense. Something is hard. It's probably a good idea to do that. Yeah. Because most others will fail. Fun question, I don't know if you can answer this, but what's the most expensive movie you were involved with

to make and why was this? You don't have to say numbers, but like something stand out as being exceptionally expensive and why is this expensive? I think Jurassic World was pretty expensive. I mean, worked out great. And that's an epic film, by the way. It, look, it's one of my favorites.

They just did an amazing job. And frankly, the crazy thing about my life is all the stuff that I loved as a kid somehow came full circle back into my adult life. And having the opportunity while I was out there to develop a friendship with Steven Spielberg and then have my name on the same film as Steven Spielberg. I mean, that was pretty surreal. So that was an expensive film. Dark Knight rises was an expensive film.

But again, to me, there's a difference between expensive and irresponsible and expensive because the vision warranted and it turned out financially, it certainly did. Yeah, with Jurassic World, it's, I may I can't imagine having those meetings because I get to create so much, and so much of it is obviously not real.

You can't bring dinosaurs in. Yeah. Is that where a lot of the cost is? Is in the computer side of things? Yeah, those are generally pretty massive components of the budget, and especially if you're doing it and inventing things as you go. Jim Cameron is one of those filmmakers who is designing the plane as it's flying in such a brilliant way and I you know, I've got to know him over the years and it just in awe of the way his brain works and

So yeah, it's it's a big component Can you speak a little bit more to him in terms of? You're such a fascinating person is you care a little bit more to him in terms of, you're such a fascinating person, because you care a lot about technology, you care a lot about the cutting edge of technology. So how does he, a creator, a director build the plane while it's flying? Like what's the role of innovation in this whole process? Well, so I never made a film with Jim. I'm just a huge fan and got to know him and John Landau, his producing partner. And one of the things that just fascinates me about Jim is, so he makes Titanic.

And there's a bunch of underwater cameras and things that they need that don't exist. So he goes and invents them and you know has a good grasp of engineering and has not only the imagination but the ability to lead a team to build them. I got to go down early when they were shooting Avatar at a warehouse, I think it was where they were shooting. And as they were explaining to me how they were capturing it and that they could go back later because they created the environment, it blew my mind. And I said, okay, this is truly, people talk about a big leap, this certainly is one. So he has continued to push the envelope in terms of the art of the possible.

And I just think he's an incredible genius in that way. Again, another hard question. So you in the realm of music, care about story, storytelling. Is there some aspect in which money and beautiful graphics get in the way of story? money and beautiful graphics get a new way of story. And you feel make it, so if you think, if you think about Jurassic World,

obviously that's an experience like any other, like what do you think about the tension between story, experience, and like visual effects? story, experience, and like visual effects. Well, look, if you're using big effect shots and all kinds of tricks to cover over the fact that you don't have a very interesting story to tell, that's where I think it gets in the way. Where I think you have these incredible filmmakers.

We mentioned Chris Nolan and Jim Cameron, Guillermo del Toro, you could go on and on of folks that just see the world differently and use technology to enhance the storytelling, right? To make you believe differently, rather to make you, not just suspend your disbelief, but to feel like you're immersed in it. So I've certainly seen it done expertly, and I've seen it done poorly. You've talked about this a little bit in the past.

You've kind of left the moviemaking business at an interesting time. Perhaps you saw the changes. There's been a lot of excitement with Netflix, with TV. So the role of film and society has changed. So what do you think is the future of movies versus TV? Like if you were as a business person, as a creator, as a creator, as

a consumer, as a technologist, are thinking about the next 10, 20 years, what do you think is going to be the Godfather, the great pieces that move us as a society in the next 10, 20 years? Is it going to be TV? Is it going to be movie? Is it going to be a TikTok clips? What's it? Well, so I and I think the other category that I would add to that that will be the next great medium is truly immersive virtual reality in which new storytellers will emerge especially when you can go into VR in which new storytellers will emerge,

especially when you can go into VR and there's enough computing power to sustain it and to allow it to be social and for you to have different paths to go down, that'll be, I think, the next realm of what storytelling and experience will look like. Do you think a video game kind of world, or is it more movies, or is it more social network,

or is it all of it kind of blending reality and gaming and movies? Yeah, I thought if you saw Ready Player One, which I love the book and in the movie was cool too. But, you know, that's one version of it, right? Where you go in, now everybody's talking about the metaverse and all that, but you go into a world that's fully rendered

as yourself and you interact with that world. The other side of it is to go in somewhere between being a passive observer, but being able to move around your point of view and experiences, which I think is interesting. And then, I think another adventure, so to speak, I could think of, is a blend of video games, so there's a mission, right?

There's obstacles, there's everything, and you move through it, but it's immersive, and it tells a story at the same time. And that's why I think you're going to see new, amazing storytellers that we don't know yet, that understand how to innovate and how to make you feel something in that environment. And to your earlier point, I saw probably around 2015 when Netflix decided to be bold, put out house of cards, put out all the episodes, leave you in charge of the pace at which you would view them, which I thought was great. That was a gutsy move. Yes, it was.

And I can't tell you around Hollywood, anybody that says that everybody thought it was a gutsy move. Yes, it was. And I can't tell you around Hollywood, anybody that says that everybody thought it was a great idea is not being truthful, because everybody I talked to said this is their idiots, right? What do they know about movie making and TV? And what I saw happening was if you look at what Netflix pulled off and they realized that there isn't really a moat around the studios, you really could make stuff and really good stuff. And so they started to create their own content. That pulled in Amazon, which pulled in Google through YouTube and then you had Hulu, then you had Disney

deciding that they're going to have Disney Plus. And the next thing you know, you have some of the biggest companies with the largest balance sheets on the planet being in the creative business. That's, you know, if you're an independent, that's bringing a knife to a gunfight to be sure. And so, you know, I thought that was interesting. The other thing that it used to be that movies were where the big things happened and television was sort of, you know, small screen, different experience. And you had something like Game of Thrones come out, which was not only in

the same epic level visually and storytelling wise, but had the budget to be able to do it. And now, I think you're seeing all kinds of different storytelling taking place. And also like that you're not pigeonholed into a time. Like, you got two hours to tell the story. You can do a three-part mini-series, a five-part mini-series. You can do television that's, you know,

all kinds of different format. And that I think is, allows creators to do a lot more interesting things. It is also interesting to consider the role of companies that enable that, like the capital that enables that. You know, without Netflix, you wouldn't, an HBO, you wouldn't have some of these epic shows. And so, if we're thinking about the virtual reality world that you're talking about, it's interesting to consider who will enable that.

You know, now, like you said, Facebook is talking about meta and metaverse, but it's unclear that just having money is enough. Netflix did a lot of really revolutionary stuff. Amazon has money. There's a lot of companies that have money that don't quite do as good of a job yet at enabling creators of creating revolutionary and new content that changes the whole industry. And that's probably going to be the case with virtual reality. There is a lot of money needed to enable experiences, like in terms of compute infrastructure.

There needs to be a huge amount of money there, but you also need to somehow give freedom to creators to have fun, to do their best work, and at the same time, like, provide the perfect amount of constraints all of that together. Like, however Netflix makes it happen, they do a pretty good job, because it's a very constrained platform. But yet all the creators I've never talked to, comedians and so on, that work with Netflix are really happy because they feel free to create their work. Yeah. And I think a lot of times, you know, companies are a letterhead, but it boils down to the people. Yeah. And I think I've known Ted Sarando, it's a long time, who ran the studio in Netflix and now took over

for read running the company, but Ted, very smart, talented guy, and understood early how to cultivate talent and relationships with talent, which is important. When you're dealing with creative people, their motivations and their goals are not always the same, right? They're not always capitalistic, right? And so in terms of being able to communicate with creative people that are not always A to B to C is a talent. And so I think they did a great job,

Ted did a great job with that early. But I think that you're going to see different formats. I don't think, I mean, going to a theater to see a massive movie on that screen and that format is a fundamentally different experience. And I think you're going to find movies, you know, my old shop legendary just put out Dune which I thought was phenomenal I You know when we secured the rights to Dune years ago It was I was over the moon because it's I love the book. I love the the entire world That that is Dune and that's a movie that I think you see on the big screen. I think when Avatar 2 comes out, I want to see that on a big screen. But I think you're going to see a ton of content

is obviously being produced. And it's not all going to go to a theater-going experience. So you're going to see, I think, different versions of this over the next five to 10 years. I think different versions of this over the next five to 10 years. In case James Cameron is listening to this. So he officially agreed to talk at the time of on this podcast at the time of Avatar to release. I'm just holding you to that and this recorded conversation. Also just super excited, both the movie and the director. There's something special about movies.

You know, they win Oscars. They, um, their historic in nature. It, there's something about TV shows, even when they're epic like Game of Thrones, that they're forgotten much quicker in history. I don't know, maybe that's because we haven't had enough of them, but, you know, the denier of performances and, you know, the Scorsese films, all the great films that kind of we think of throughout the generations, the defined generations, our films. Is that, is that just old school thinking? Is that always going to be the case?

I mean, look, to me, going in a darkened theater with a bunch of strangers and the lights go down and you go on this journey, there is something special and magical about that. And I think movies have been a part of our cultural fabric forever. And for some reason, Hollywood and America was uniquely positioned to do a great job with it, right? And not that there aren't great foreign movies, but far and away, American movies are dominate, not only the world market, but, you know, and so whatever it is that we do well, or Hollywood does well, you know, there's there's something in the water apparently, but I I agree that

I love movies and I will you know for the rest of my days It's it's interesting how creators can move back and forth now as well. That used to be a complete no-no You're either a movie guy or you're a person or a That used to be a complete no-no. You're either a movie guy or you're a person or a, you know, or you're a TV director and that's that. But those lines have completely blurred. And they're also blurring, I mean, they're blurring all kinds of lines. Like they're they're moving to TikTok and Instagram and like I know right now it seems ridiculous to consider that these like one minute things could be considered even in the same realm creatively as a film, but maybe that changes over time too. Maybe experiences can completely become fluid in terms of their size, as long as they have some deep lasting impact on you as a human being as a consumer. Look, to me, the whole thing is about either the moving image or even sometimes a picture, we'll bring out an emotion or reaction something. So, you know, short form is harder because you have less time to set things up and all that but I'm sure there will be

short videos and creators that come up with things and if a moving image Can get a reaction out of you and make you feel a certain way and stay with you or inspire you Well, that to me is just the next evolution of Whatever it's gonna be between humans and cameras, etc next evolution of whatever it's going to be between humans and cameras, etc. See, I think that's why we've talked offline about this. That's why I love robots, is I think there's certain things in the short form with robots that immediately can bring out a feeling in people. There's something about our consideration of our own intelligence, of own consciousness, the fears and hopes, and

the beautiful things about human nature, the dark things about human nature, that somehow, especially the leg of robots bring out, because we have both a fear and excitement towards that, are these going to be our overlords, our gods that overtake humanity? Are these going to be things like horses or something like that, something that empower humanity? Like you don't know what to make sense of it. That's why they're super exciting. I agree.

Speaking of robots and film, you've gone into traditional industries and disrupted them quite a few times. Was there, is there there a system for deciding which industry is right for disruption. When you look at the world and see what are the big problems you would like to solve. Do you have a system of how you see which problems to solve? How do you look at the world? Yeah, well, on the business side of that, so I have a holding

company called TOLCO, a very imaginatively named part of that is literally every name ever is now taken, registered and all that stuff. So we're a holding company. What's a holding company? So instead of being a fund that has money flowing in and out of it and you know there's what's called a vintage year, I raise capital and I agree to invest that capital for so long and then I give it back to you which I sometimes creates artificial time pressures and things like that. A holding company is more permanent capital. So the idea was behind Tolco was to buy almost always whole companies or majority steaks with great management teams in spaces that did

not traditionally have a lot of innovation and to have our labs group who were data scientists, AI practitioners, you know, engineers, machine learning, et cetera, and to be able to bring that wherewithal to that company. So to provide them with the right capital and to provide them with access to technology that would be hard to individually recruit for that company. So I would say that the thesis was to look for industries that were large enough that hadn't traditionally had access to that type of technology or innovation and to try to look for companies that not only look that part but had management

teams that embrace this and wanted to take that kind of journey. Yeah, there is quite a few industries like that, but that finding the industries and the management pair because like those industries often have a lot of old school folks who don't. It takes quite a bit of work for them to leap into technology. I work quite a bit with the autonomous vehicles and just the automotive industry. Depending on the company, there's old school folks. It's like Detroit thinking versus like what do you call it, I don't know, California thinking. Well, you have to, I think you have to look at the nexus of two things there. One is just plain old human behavior.

If I am uncomfortable, and this isn't a comfort zone for me, and it's not something I have as a field of expertise, I'm going to shy away from that. Especially if I'm successful and I feel good about myself, and it's a big successful company or person or whatever it might be. feel good about myself and it's a big successful company or a person or whatever it might be. And the second thing is that especially if you're a public company and you're being weighed and measured every quarter, you are rewarding the managers of that company to hit metrics

and to be reliable and to say, hey, I'm counting quarter to quarter that you're going to deliver what you say. It's difficult to say, you know what everybody, for the next two years, I wouldn't count on our financial projections at all because we're going to reinvent what we're doing. It's going to lurk in the long run and you're going to see that this was a really smart investment five to seven years from now. That's not the way capitalism is currently wired, generally. Right?

And a lot of, so again, if you reward managers with yearly bonuses and stock options, base and tied to stock price and all these other things, you know, and then ask them to go break stuff, That's hard. So you're saying, like, so the talk approach that the private investment is the best way, or perhaps the only way, to enable this kind of long term innovation. Investment taking big risks and investing in innovation. Well, look, we certainly are not, by any means, the only one doing it.

I'm just saying that when you think about big companies, the more successful, you know, that are in old line businesses, and I hear people sort of talk about, well, why can't they just pivot? They recognize they need to be in the technology business, because it's hard. It's hard to steer a ship and turn it that big, and especially if it's not part of your DNA at that company. So, I just think that what we tried to do is to enable management teams that know where they want to go and to be patient with capital and also

again bring innovation to bear that they have access to. There's plenty of capital structures doing interesting things. That's one of the things I love about our country. This country innovates and this country invents things. And I'm constantly in awe of just the, you know, the human ability to innovate and to iterate, you know, I get to hang around some universities, including your old shop MIT. And it's like still there. Yeah, still there. Still teaching there.

Still teaching. But that place is like Hogwarts. I mean, it's just, it's inspiring, right? And certainly the energy and Silicon Valley, which now, Austin, Texas, where we're sitting, has its own incredible ecosystem. So that's one of the things I love about America is the ability, and that really is,

I think, in the American DNA, to create things and invent things, and I think that's invigorating. And I think that's even bigger than capitalism, sort of the machine of how capitalism works. That's just human nature. Capitalism is just one of the ways to sort of make that human nature shine, I suppose, but it's like you mentioned MIT, you know, there's a drive there to invent, to innovate. That's so purely human. That human spirit to sort of build something new.

It's like that hopeful, optimistic spirit, especially in the engineering space. Like if you pay attention to the internet, like Twitter and all that kind of stuff, intellectuals and so on, there's a cynicism to when we talk about stuff, but there's an optimism to when we do stuff. And the doing part when you actually build things especially, you care a lot about manufacturing too. You actually build physical products, that's where we truly shine. Yeah, no question about it and I, you know, I'm passionate about our country making stuff again, right? Doing our own manufacturing and making sure that we don't lose the ability not just to

create things intellectually and do the world's greatest blueprints, but actually make things here. Actual factories. Yeah, that's exactly right. How do we do that? How do we bring more manufacturing to the United States? Well, there's a company that I have a big personal investment in called Rebuild with some folks that all went through the MIT school years ago. There's a good friend of mine, Jeff Wilkie, who used to be at Amazon. And we all felt the same way that America needed to make sure that it didn't lose its edge

in that way. So, it's a company that invests in American high tech manufacturing. And I think the way that we do that is provide capital, provide training. To me, this is also fertile ground for good, sustainable, high-paying jobs. And we have to make it economically feasible to do that again here in this country, and not to say to companies that again are being weighed in measured quarter by quarter, hey, this is three times as expensive to do it here, but you should do it here. We need to innovate, and we need to create processes and companies and opportunity that balance that equation.

And I think as we saw during the pandemic, you know, I don't think in this day and age you can be an isolationist. That doesn't make any sense to me. But being self-reliant and self-determinate and making sure that you are never in a position as a nation, that we can't do basic things because we're relying on supply chain in other countries. And whether it's, you know, we're not friends anymore

or a natural disaster or a virus or something pops up, I think those are costs of doing business that we have to put into the calculus of being able to make things here. costs of doing business that we have to put into the calculus of Being able to make things here. There's an extremely high cost to make in supply chain resilient that we really have to consider and so If you really consider that cost it makes a lot of sense to invest especially long-term in building up Manufacturing in a way where like you make it most of the stuff in one place. Sort of bringing it all, not all, but as much in as possible. And building it almost like from scratch here in the United States. I mean, what I guess your thought is with innovation,

it's possible to sort of revolutionize the way we do manufacturing. So reduce the amount of supply chain stuff and build stuff from scratch. I do high tech manufacturing. So I optimize all aspects of the manufacturing and all that kind of stuff. Yeah, and I think where technology is the most efficient is the human machine interface. It's not, let's automate everything and have nobody work anywhere. I, for a long time, that's neither feasible nor desirable, but where we can enhance jobs and make that interface immensely productive

with the right training and so forth. I think that's a worthwhile endeavor and something that's gonna be important to our country. Yeah, I mean, you're, you know who you're talking to. I love human robotic interaction, human machine interaction, human AI interaction. So what do you think is the role of robotics in this high tech manufacturing,

sort of like industrial robots, robotic arms, all that kind of stuff, or even more complicated kind of robots? What do you think is the role of robotics? What do you think is the role of AI in this manufacturing future you're thinking about? Well, robotics, to me, is an extremely exciting field. I don't have the

same expertise that you do. I have an adjacency, but not the depth of knowledge. Have never really delved deeply into it or made investments in it. But I think what's exciting about is everything from doing jobs that are very dangerous for humans, enhancing the human experience. When you look at really repetitive labor, things that, you know, it might take away a job, but is it a good job for that person? Is, you know, spending 30 years doing something highly repetitious, is that a good experience in life?

So I think, and then when you think about everything from military applications, rescue, we're already seeing a bunch of those things, and then just lastly, when you talk about that human interaction with robots, when you start to have the combinations, so you have some level of intelligence and interaction. I mean, that's why we always love the droids and star wars, right?

I mean, it's exciting. It captures the imagination. And I think, look, many, many hours and have been spent on debating artificial intelligence and the ramifications if things go sideways and so forth. And I think those are all, you know, those are appropriate conversations to be having. AI is happening. I think it's actually happening slower than most people realize, because there are tasks that humans do every minute of every day standing up without losing your sense of balance.

These are really hard things, but I think there's enough investment both in private industry as well as nation states now on artificial intelligence that it is coming So both in the South recipe in the digital space and In the physical space. So we talked about manufacturing so industrial robotics is very true that even in the factory even the tasks. These think are pretty basic You know the the amount of small intuitive decisions that humans make is quite incredible. So we have to be kind of explicit about saying

which tasks are actually really hard and humans are just really good at them. And so on the flip side and the digital space was social networks, we recommend their systems with all kinds of personal assistance in terms of voice-based AI systems, all of that. There's opportunities there to find niches where AI can really have a transformative effect. I think one of the places that really haven't... This is where you were to say stupid things, but I believe this very much that

when we have AI systems in the home currently, you have somebody like Alexa and Google Home and so on, they're kind of very basic servants. They tell you about the weather, they can play some music, they can turn the lights on and off all the kind of like smart homes stuff. I think there's a lot of value in systems that form relationships with us in the way that pets to dogs and cats.

I don't know, cats, just for people who have cats, cats don't care about you. They really don't, they don't form any kind of relationship. I don't know why you have relationship with them. It's one way. Anyway, I'm sorry, I throw some shade. I'm just kidding, by the way. That's a basic kind of connection you have with another living being. Then there's also just friends. You have different levels of friends, acquaintances, you have lifelong friends, all that, that friendship you have, I really believe that there's some aspect of the human experience that is deeply enriched by interacting with other beings. And for systems, computing systems, artificial intelligence systems in our world,

to have the capability to engage in some of that, I think, is not just an opportunity to help people grow, become better people, but it's also just a good business opportunity too. And that hasn't really been explored enough. So that to me is really, that's a whole exciting space that I think will enable better industrial robotics. It will empower a better Facebook or a better social network, a competitor to Facebook that overthrows Facebook. So it'll

create better technologies that currently don't have that human robot interaction touch. So I don't know That's super exciting to me, but that that has to deal with the mess of human nature The the the reason that most robotics people and AI people stay away from humans that most robotics people and AI people stay away from humans, they stay away from the human-robot interaction problem is because humans are complicated, they're messy, they're hard to control, they're hard to predict stuff about, they're hard to make sense of or like test repeatedly because one human can be drastically different from another human.

And so to deal with that is the robotics problem is super hard. And so one of the questions is which problems can you remove the human from consideration when you're trying to solve the problem. So like Elon Musk is an example of somebody who believes autonomous driving, we can remove the human from consideration, we can solve autonomous driving as a robotics problem. It's stain lane, when there's a red light, you stop at a red light. If there are humans in the picture like pedestrians, that's a ballistics problem. It's just treat them as a moving object that has a was with like 90% probability

keeps moving in the way they were in the the past few seconds with some smaller probability that might stop or turn like just do some basic models about them and you'll be able to do just fine. So I tend to believe that even driving has to consider the full messiness of humans the dance the game theoretic dance of chicken that we all do when Jay walk we'll look at the car is that car that car doesn't that driver doesn't have the guts to murder me So I'm going to walk in front of it and not look at the car we do that kind of dance and AI systems need to be able to play

Do that kind of dance. In TOLCO, there's the labs. So there's a data science component, it's AI component. So how do they go into a company and help revolutionize that industry? Well, there's different examples. So one of our companies, FIGS, makes healthcare workware,

started by these two brilliant women. And, you know, early days helping to build the platform and recruit and make sure that the, everything that we did at the company embraced technology and at the same time, they were obsessive about their customer, which is doctors, nurses, healthcare workers were putting it on the line every day

and obsessive about their product. And when you have those two things come together, you get the result that we did at FIGs. We have a company called Ackershire, which is AI, Lab, and Bases down here in Austin, Texas. It was an insurance, one of the largest insurance brokers in the world, and you know, we did a deal with them and sold some of our insurance holdings that was completely AI-driven. In that case, you basically put the team inside the company, because it's a massive company with all, and we've gone into all kinds of things. So it just depends on the different situations.

But the biggest thing was just to make sure whatever the company needed, they had access to the talent. Sometimes we'd build it, sometimes we'd help recruit for it. You know how in technology, it's whatever works, right? There's no one way to do things. Well, Accushia is really interesting as an example. So insurance is a fascinating space.

It's like very ripe still for disruption across the board. So how do you, it seems like a lot of the disruption has to do with like almost the first dumb step of we've been using mostly paper like it's not digitized. You have to basically convert create a infrastructure in a framework where like everybody is using the same digital system like databases and just organize the data. It seems like that's a huge leap that basically can revolutionize major industries that still hasn't been done. Insurance is obviously the great example of that. And one of the things that struck me, the founder CEO of Acresures guy named Greg Williams,

they're out of Grand Rapids, Michigan. And as we were looking at expanding our footprint and insurance, I met with a lot of insurance executives. And they would talk about technology, but Greg truly understood the power of what would happen across actuarial sciences, you know, predictive analytics and using machine learning to really run every aspect of your business. And then automating a lot of just the back office, tedious steps. And as you said, one of the things that was great for us, they already had a data collection system and department. So it was much easier to pivot.

And I'm very excited about the future of that company. They're doing some pretty innovative groundbreaking things. Those are the things that I like doing. It is that, yes, I want to make money. That's what that is. But at the same time, what did you do with your time on Earth? Right? Did you do anything to leave any kind of mark that, you know, you did anything interesting?

I can only speak for myself. There are many more ways to measure one's life. And I can only speak about how I think about things. You know, I grew up poor in upstate New York with a single mom and watched her work a couple jobs and had to, from a young age, shovel snow and mull lawns and do all kinds of things to help her make sure the lights weren't turned off in our little place. So that's just something that I've always been driven towards. And you know, I just, I have really eclectic tastes and interests.

And you know, it's just, it's just been an interesting journey. So help be part of and help enable some cool new creations across the board. Like film, music, AI, manufacturing, just insurance, all the specific industries that you disrupted. Yeah, small tangent, back to your childhood with your mom. Any memories kind of stand out, stick with you as something that helped define who you are as a man. Yeah, even though, you know, the university and college experience was not part of the family tree,

and we had no connections. I didn't understand, I didn't know what a trust fund was or preps go. I didn't know what any of that was. But my mom from a young age would always say, you know, you're going to go to college. There's no, you know, if you choose to. And I think from a young age, that was just an expectation that I had and that she instilled and the work ethic. I watched her and then my grandmother was a janitor, a cleaning lady in a hospital for 50 years.

And then I remember there were times of, you know, I'm probably 10 years old, it's freezing cold out. And if I don't go out and shovel six driveways, we don't have enough money to pay the bill. So I don't know, I'm not a psychologist, so I don't know how that manifests itself in my life today. But I think the grit to say, I'm not in the mood to do this.

I don't want to do this, but that's the work that needs to be done. And no excuses, not I'm a victim, and I'm gonna sit around and talk about, no, it is what it is, and you have to get done what you need to get done. And again, I think it's, you can never fully put yourself

in someone else's shoes or experience. So I don't know what that is or feels like, but for me, those were two, I think, formative things that were important in my childhood. So that's pretty, the reality of life like that is pretty humbling. You've been so exceptionally successful that it's easy to get soft. Now, how do you get humbled these days? By getting up. You know, I think for me personally,

trying to push the envelope and being weighed and measured. Right, that's why I always love sports too. There's a scoreboard. And, you know, I'm a huge believer in opportunity, meritocracy, all those things that I think are, I deals that we wanna aspire to. And I think that there's a lot of things I'm involved with right now that I just wanna see if I can do it. I wanna see if, you know, if, and, you know,

my own little mantra is, cause the outcome, right? As much as you can, and at the same time have the humility and not to have the hubris or arrogance to say, I'm always gonna cause the outcome. Cause you'll get your ass kicked really quickly and humbled the world and the universe is a big place with forces, you know, beyond. But I think, you know, I also think a lot about being intellectually honest, which when I do university talks and so forth, I think that's a superpower. Because if you find yourself making decisions

based on other people's expectations, based on places you don't wanna go, but you know, you're either, you feel like momentum is taking you there. I think that's a big problem. And there are people that go to our top universities and can't wait to get out and start their own company and they want that pressure and they want to grind. And there are other people that are smart and talented,

but just say, look, I don't wanna lay awake, staring at the ceiling, wondering how I'm gonna make payroll. I don't want that in my life. And I think if you can square that up and be okay with it and say, what makes me tick, what makes me happy, what puts me in a bad head space? Because there's a difference between challenging yourself and going against your nature.

So that's why I think that being intellectually honest and being able to really sit down and go inside your own head and say, what am I good at? What am I not good at? How am I going to put myself in a position to be successful because I'm working on my weaknesses but I'm not going to put myself career wise

in a position where I'm working on my weaknesses, but I'm not gonna put myself career-wise in a position where I'm just fundamentally gonna have a hard time being successful. Yeah, intellectually honest is a tricky one and it gets There's like levels to it too. Sure because Well, like some of the things you know know, I think about when you When you dream of doing certain kinds of big things A part of intellectual honesty is to say

Several things one is like hey The thing you're dreaming about Like one the fact that nobody's done it probably shows you're just a dreamer. This is not going to, like, think clearly. The fact that it hasn't been done probably shows that it may not be the right path. And two, is like, if you're dreaming about stuff,

there's a certain point where it's like, hey, you haven't done it. Like why haven't you done it already then? Like you have to be honest with yourself. Like you have to be ambitious. Like, you know, a lot of people work hard a long time for a dream, but you have to wake up and be like, all right, I've been at this for 10 years. Like with a startup, you launch a startup and you think, okay, one year, two years,

three years, four years, pretty successful, you know, but it hasn't exploded like you dreamed. You have to shut it down, you know, you have to be intellectual honest there. At the same time, there. At the same time, you might want to be like, step it up, lean into it. Say almost like the flip side of like intellectual honesty is like, maddening ambition. I'm just saying, fuck it. I'm going to go all in. But that is a kind of a lecture honesty saying like, you know, the big problem here is I've been kind of going doing too many things. Maybe with this dream, you have to go all in on it, all those kinds of things. I mean, this is human experience. It's complicated.

Yes, without all human things are complicated. The, the, and I think there's a difference between being reckless and making well thought out informed decisions. If you're going to go all in, make sure you've measured twice, cut once, as they say. One of my other favorite, I forget, many years ago, I heard this saying and it stayed with me. It was never a mistake, clear line of sight

with distance. And you know, that so I think that the key, whether you're starting a business or you're thinking about leaving the company you're at and starting a business or just leaving for another job, any of these things is as much as you can, right? And psychologists I think would tell us it's hard to be self-aware completely, right? That's the rub that if we are all completely self-aware of everything that we did in strength and weaknesses, it'd be a different world. But I do think you can work on that and at least challenge yourself to think about it and not be in a position where I'm, you know, I'm going to medical school because that's what you do in my family. And even though I'm miserable doing it, you know, things like that. So, it's a definitely you don't want to be sort of

because you don't think of victim to conformity. I just go on doing the same thing over and over. That's right. But at the same time, is that measure twice and cut once? It does feel like some of the biggest leaps taken are where you cut once and measure later. Is you leap in first? Sure. So it's almost like a gut.

I suppose that is a measurement, but you build up a good gut instinct of like what to do and then you just do it and then you figure out as it is the building the airplane as you're flying it. Right. Well, and I think each one of those instances that you could probably cite has its own unique circumstances.

Right? I don't have a deep biotech background, so if I suddenly stood up and said, I'm going to put everything I have into this idea, well, that's, you know, those are, right, it's game theory, right? What are the odds of success? If on the other hand, you know, you're brilliant in your field or you've seen some opportunity that you think is wide open and you're going to go for it and break stuff, that's great. You just want to wait to me always say like, how crazy is this on the spectrum of,

you know, do I have any expertise? What is the downside if I fail? Right? You know, if you're, if you're at a certain point in life with young children and you've got a mortgage and whatever else, that is one circumstance versus I just got on a Stanford or I just got out of whatever and I'm going to go for it. It's just the whole thing, right? It is complex as you point out. And sometimes you just want to have the right matrix in your head of decision making process to try to arrive at the right place. And even if you get close, that's where I think you say, you know what?

The hell with it. I'm doing this. Yeah. Yeah. I do want to ask you about one specific idea that it sounds super fascinating to you and involved with recently.

You led the $50 million seed round for a company called Colossal that is focused on de-extinction. This is funny relative to our connection and conversation about Jurassic World. They're seeking to restore lost ecosystems and use gene editing to restore the woolly mammoth to the Arctic tundra.

How are they gonna do that? Well, I met this fascinating guy at Harvard named George Church five, six years ago and found him to Ben Lamb, who's an entrepreneur. And basically, the press and to me, the imaginative, you're capturing my imagination by telling me you're going to bring back the boy mammoth and other extinct animals. And I, you know, we'll see where that road leads. I was more interested in an investor in the things that they're working through around understanding genes in a more in proteins and crisper and all these other things because being adjacent to George Church and his team as these things unfold over the next decade,

I thought was the right thing to do. People are important here, just like investing in people and seeing what the hell they come up with. Absolutely. I mean, you can look through history and great things are done by great people, right? And companies, they end up over time becoming a logo and immediately what you think of them, but they started out with a person, with an idea and a team that cultivated that and made that happen. And I think there are certain folks that are just immensely talented, that if you can be around them, and I also know his and his team's ethics in terms of, you know, after spending time

talking about where the lines are, people in other countries that, you know, may not have the same process, may not have the same checks and balances are doing this and pursuing this regardless. So, at least I felt like with George and Ben and their teams, they're also very responsible people.

This is where the human side of things comes into play. I've interacted with a lot of really brilliant people in the technology space where you kind of, you know, there's a lot of ways to feel this out. You can ask them whether they kind of read literature. You can feel out how much do they really understand about like human nature here? Like whatever the technology is, when it actually starts to play, interact with society at scale. Like, do they have an understanding or an intuition about how that happens? Some of that requires studying history, some of that requires, like, just looking at the worse and best parts and events in human history to understand, like,

hey, it doesn't always turn out like everybody hoped the technology turns out. If a person has a depth of understanding about history, about human nature, then I think that's the right person to mess with some of this cutting-edge stuff. Yeah, you want Marcus Aurelius with a PhD from MIT. Exactly. Exactly. You just small tangent, but you mentioned having a conversation with Warren Buffett, you spoke really highly of him as an investor, as a human being. What about him, do you admire? What, from him, what insights have you drawn from him as a great vets yourself? Well, the afternoon that I got to spend with him, which, you know, is something

I'll treasure forever. But sometimes when you meet people, even that are immensely successful, you may decide that after 20 minutes or a half hour, oh, you were in the right place at the right time, and that's fine. There are other people that are clearly different special, and I don't care if you made them start from zero, you know, would end up in a good place. And so it was an absolute privilege to spend the time with him. You know, in a couple of things that stood out in the conversation,

he is incredibly intellectually curious and well-read. And I like how simplistic he likes to keep his thought matrix. And then also instead of trying to outsmart the market, it seems like a simple axiom, but just look, good companies that are led by talented managers that our good businesses over time are gonna get there. So I'm not gonna day trade, I'm just gonna, I'm looking for value. And then just on life stuff, he just,

and also his ability to take in and then use information, it was incredibly impressive. So I only spent the, I'd met him before, but I only spent one afternoon with him, but it's, you know, pretty incredible and one of the things that stuck out to me is we were in the middle of talking about Tulco or investing or how we thought about it and I said, you know, I'm trying to be smart about And he stopped me and he said charlie Charlie Munger his partner of many years Charlie and I don't try to think of the smart thing to do

We try to think what's the dumb thing we could do here? And I kind of laughed and he said, no, I'm dead serious. We think about it from the standpoint of, what could we do in this situation that later we'd be like, that was a really dumb thing to do. And I actually thought that was, it got in my head. And I still think a lot about that is I'm dissecting problems. So there's like, that's a kind of long term thinking if you just avoid the dumb things,

or if you simplify ever just focus on those simple steps, all it takes is just do that for a long period of time and you'll be successful. It certainly worked for him. So I can say, what about you? You've been a great investor yourself. How do you know, when you judge people, so whenever I go to San Francisco,

I was thinking of moving to San Francisco. That's why I decided to, after really giving us some thought, talking to people, decided to move to Austin. Everybody's dreaming big and they have big plans. And it's actually, I don't envy the job of investor of any kind.

Because everybody has big dreams. And it's hard to know who exactly what ideas go into materialize, what what team is going to materialize into something great. How do you make those decisions about people, about ideas? Well, if I had any kind of a lattice work on this, it's start, absolutely starts with the people. And I think the reason for that is your business plan is going to change, right? There's very few businesses I know of that say, we're going to make a widget in this location

and 30 years later, we're successful and we just make a widget. And that's what it is. Things happen, right? And today, they happen with such velocity that you have to be able to make hard decisions based on imperfect information. And are you, how are you going to calculate those answers? How self-interested are you going to be?

What kind of ethics will you apply? What's your short term versus long term thinking? Are you able to give an honest assessment of a situation? Because the thing that you can count on is problems are going to happen. Things you didn't anticipate are going to happen. How pliable are you? How much elasticity is there in your ability to be successful? And I think it's important when you invest in something that you both see, you understand

the roadmap ahead and agree to it, right? Doesn't mean there won't be twists and turns, but you're not like, well, wait a minute. What did we do here? This isn't what was in the thing I signed up for. And then I think honesty and communication is a huge thing to me with, I always tell people, if, bi-directionally, if there's something

going on, start the conversation with, you know, Lex, we have a problem. Okay, now, I'm sitting up, you have my full attention, we're going to talk about whatever it is. Bad news should travel faster than good news. And because it's going to happen, being in business with someone that is going to shoot you straight, and sometimes say, I don't know. Yeah. I don't know what the answer is. I got to go figure it out. That I can process a lot better than, look, I don't want you mad at me or disappointed or I can't handle not having success. So we're just gonna kick the can. And I think especially in today's business environment,

that's very, very dangerous. So that's a bad sign, not just because it's good to communicate and be honest. But if they're not willing to do that, then it goes back to the intellectual honesty. They're probably not also able to be brutally honest with themselves when they look in the mirror about the direction of the company. But look, I wasn't there, so I don't know, but I think if you unpack many situations that

turned out negatively, most of the people, whether you're faking lab results, you have a biotech company, we have everybody staring at Theranos these days. Do I think in a lot of cases, you're either the villain, like you started out saying, I'm gonna screw my shareholders over and I'm gonna be a liar. That isn't my experience. Most things are little incremental moves that you say, we're going to get this right next

week, but today we got to make the presentation. So we're going to just tweak things a little bit. That's a slippery slope, right? And so that's why I think from a standpoint of people, you want to go into the foxhole with folks that, you know, understand, things are going to happen and I'm going to let you know about them and we're going to try to solve them together. And then just in terms of the idea,

it's, I always ask like, okay, if this company executed the way, that's the other thing that always cracks me up about financials, whenever always ask like, okay, if this company executed the way, that's the other thing that always cracks me up about financials, whenever somebody pitches you, inevitably they'll say, our projections are really, really conservative. I'm still waiting for somebody to come in and say, look, my projections are wildly optimistic. We'll never hit these numbers, but anyway,

it's, you know, if this company did what it says and executes and does it matter, does it move the needle enough? What are the things that uniquely position this company to be successful? You just have to be able to answer, I think, a number of those questions, pretty crisply. But at the end of the day, it's still a big risk. So you just try to minimize, try to minimize the risk. Let me jump to another topic. You're an incredible human being that you're involved with this. Your band, Ghost Hounds, is touring with the Rolling Stones. So before we talk about your ban, let me ask about that.

What's that like playing with the Rolling Stones? It's real. Just because they're my favorite band of all time. To me, the greatest rock and roll band, it's not even close of all time. And, you know, to share the same stage, to be on tour and to go out and get that energy from the crowd. You know, and every night and come off stage and later when they go on and you hear that iconic ladies and gentlemen, the rolling stones. And then it's incredible. And you know what's what's amazing to me about the band next year will be their 60th anniversary, 60 years. And it's it's hard to be around anything for that long, but making music and packing stadiums and what's amazing to me, they can play a two-hour

set and it's not just that oh that's a hit or you recognize it, it's like every song is an anthem, right? So it's been amazing. We got to play with them in 2019 and when they ask us to do this again, it's just a absolute privilege. I asked you this offline, so I know you are a kind of rock star. But just me, maybe I'm projecting. But do you get nervous, such a large audience with the Rolling Stones? It feels like there would be a lot of pressure. Yeah, I mean, you definitely don't want to screw it up. I think the band, our band, you know,

is tight-knit and all that stuff. And I think that you, the individual nervousness dissipates when you go out as a group and you're making music together and you sort of, okay, we're all in this and, you know, we're doing a thing which is why even in sports I always look at individual events like ice skating or you know anything where it's just you out there alone Yeah, and that's that's different than being with it with a team and nerve-racking so I'm sure if it was me but an acoustic guitar just going out it would feel different, but absolutely you get The right kind of butterflies, I would call it. And just the energy of playing music and having it be this relationship and look, I get it. I've been to ton of concerts where I'm like, look, can we just get to the band, please?

But what's been great is just an amazing reception. And we have this guy named Traination as the lead singer is just incredibly talented. I mean, he's just not only an amazing voice, but just has that charismatic thing. Yeah. He's great. That's fun. What's it feel like to play in front of a huge audience? What's as a guitarist like what's the feel? Are you lost in the music? Like you almost don't feel the audience? Does it add extra energy? Does it extra anxiety? What is it? What's it feel like? You know, stadiums are interesting just because it's so big and cavernous and because, you know, you want to protect your ears.

So we use an in-ear system so that you are a little disconnected from the crowd because if you're playing that loud and you're standing in front of your amps without ear protection, that's bad. How are you monitoring the sound? The in-ear stuff is that producing sound or is it strictly earplugs? No, it's producing the sound. So, like putting ear pods in and listening to a song and you're playing to it, right? It's just us playing, but it protects your ears.

But the energy from the crowd, when they get going and get into it, which knock on wood so far has been amazing. There's nothing like it. I mean, it's just this bi-directional thing that happens. And music was kind of, music in sports were kind of my first loves. And it's, yeah, it's very difficult to describe, I think, accurately because it's like no other feeling. Musically, how is it different than playing in a garage with the band by yourself practicing? Like, is that, do you, do you feel like you're creating something different when you're, when you're, when you got the guitar in the amp

and just the sound dissipating out into everybody's listening? Was that? It's, uh, listen, the first time we did it, and there's nobody in the stadium, first time I ever played in the stadium. And I'm just like, I'm out there in front and just hitting different chords and playing different licks.

And I'm like, it's like I want a contest and I get to do this. But, you know, what's different about it in each venue is different. So if you, we went on the road with ZZ Top a few years ago, which was incredible. Love Billy Gibbons, he's a Texan. Incredible person and guitar player. But you know, when you're playing in like five to seven thousand seats, it's really,

I mean, it's, you know, you're right there with them, with the crowd. And then when you play in an arena, we toured with Bob Seeger on his last tour, which was cool, played some shows with him. And again, the arena, like they're all kind of packed on top of you and it's super loud, which was cool, meaning the crowd is, stadiums is a completely different animal. And it's just a completely different experience.

Do you enjoy it versus like a smaller room? What? What's as a guitarist as a musician? What's your favorite like room to play of the size? Any room that'll have me. Look, I think arenas are the perfect blend if I had to say because it's loud and you know, 20, 30,000 people, but like right up on you. Stadium, look, playing the stadiums with the rolling stones, it's just going to go on the head mark or

somewhere is one of the more. Yeah, I say this and I really mean it. My life is like a punk episode that just hasn't no one's burst in yet. Yeah, but yeah, it's as cool as you think it is. So 60 years, how do you think Mingjager still got it? How do you explain it? I gotta tell you, so I mean, the funny thing is, whatever, wherever there is excellence, people wanna know how'd you do it. Yeah.

Right now, what's the secret? Not only is Mick Jagger, and I think the songs that Keith Richards and Mick Jagger wrote together, if you go back and listen to the lyrics, it's just incredibly poignant. I'm just a huge stunts fan. But he works out like a maniac, right? And it's that 10,000 hours thing. And it's that, hey, maybe I don't feel my best today, but I'm going to get up and do my routine and work out so that it, you know, at his age, which, you know, I mean, you can look at people

at different ages chronologically that are, you know, maybe we're both at this age, but I'm a lot older than you are at vice versa. And he just, I think it's the combination of raw talent and the ability, and he's very smart, right? Like he's understands how to have interaction with a crowd and hold him in the palm of his hand and be an entertainer. But then on top of that, the reason he can at this age run around stadiums and be just as energetic as he puts the work in. And that's one thing, step that I think a lot of people miss sometimes where they want that magic trick, they want to know what's the shortcut.

Most of the time the answer is there's no shortcut. Yeah. Yet to work hard on the way there and work hard to stay on top. That's it. And sometimes not even like work hard, it's like be a professional, which that involves like, in his case, at his age with the amount of stuff you have to do on stage in the way he does it.

For two hours. You have, this is a professional athlete, a professional athlete that has to do things that are probably designed for 20-year-olds and 30-year-olds has to do it on an older age, which means like what you have to do. He probably has a whole physical routine he has to do. Die it, the whole thing. And it's hard. Look, if you want to do great things, you probably have to do hard things to get there. I'm not going to make you pick.

Just stick on the stones for one more minute. But what are some great Rolling Stones songs that were impactful to you? Lyrically, musically, maybe something you like playing like air guitar. Oh, I don't know. This is probably my favorites. I love sympathy for the devil. Yeah, it's a very, I don't know, sort of Faustian. I love the lyrics.

I love how the almost a voodoo beat just kind of builds throughout the song. That's always been one of my favorites. So in that song, you never mentions devil never mentions devil. No, wait, sorry. You know my name. Yeah. There's like a flirtation going around in the lyrics. It's kind of interesting. Yeah, it's here's all the trouble I've caused along the way with you humans. And I just think it's really, really great. And musically builds really nicely. Yeah. It's like both fun and dark. It's cool. It's a, there's a playful nature to it. It's

that's very stonely. Only they can pull it off because it's like playful, but it's also like dark and dangerous, dangerous, dangerous. Yeah. and and give me shelter in the shelter is just You know and to this day when I listen to the studio version and Mary Clayton just comes on and sings that epic iconic part and There's a documentary that was done about backup singers, phenomenal. And it tells the story of that moment in that song with Mary Clayton. And it's just

her voice and the way it unfolded, they got her out of bed at like 10 o'clock at night in L.A. And she's like the Rolling Stones and went in and just killed it. And I can't sing at all. I'm by ordinance not allowed around a microphone. So I'm always in awe when someone can sing like that. But, you know, those are some of my favorite Rolling Stones songs and painted blacks awesome. I mean, I could go on.

Yeah, I painted black is great. Again, a song that builds as bad as, I mean, it defines the whole generation. What made you pick up a guitar? What made you fall in love with the guitar? It's just the coolest instrument, right? I mean, when you watched back then, you know, and I was kind of an old soul. I was listening at a fairly young age to muddy waters, Robert Johnson, like in Hopkins, BB King, and just the soulfulness.

Teril has gone. Oh, my God. I mean, BB plays five notes and just kills it in the emotion that it evokes. So I I just was just an awe of the instrument and You know, I also there's there's always somebody Around who's a musician that just picks the instrument up and can play right right? And they're just so talented at it. And they can just listen to a record and play it. That was never me. I never took formal lessons. I had to grind, you know, to just make it sound like I wanted it to sound.

So both technically and ear, everything was hard work. Yeah, I mean, I could hear it. an ear, everything was hard work. Yeah, I mean, I could hear it. And what they call, you know, you play. So by right hand, the rhythm side of it is, that's probably if I have anything, my strength. But there's something pretty amazing that happens when you get together with other people and play a song. In that moment where it hits the pocket and you all kind of know it and it's just it's just such a cool feeling. And it was interesting growing up because I was again I always had a collective interest. So I loved math and physics and science.

So I had those friends and I was. So I loved math and physics and science, so I had those friends, and I was an athlete, and played football, and baseball, and basketball, so I had my jock friends. And then I had my music friends, and so it was just kind of that. And so when I was still living in Los Angeles and had legendary, I just missed playing. And so I put this band together and called it the Ghost Hounds because, again, huge Robert

Johnson fan and that legend of Robert Johnson selling a soul at the Crossroads in exchange for his musical talent. You guys have that in one of the videos. Yeah, yeah, that's a cool video. Exactly. So I always, I just thought like that's such cool lore. I just love the blues. So Robert Johnson would often, would talk about Hellhounds on his trail.

And so I always just thought, huh, what about ghost hounds? So that's, I wish it were a more clever, deeper story, but that's about it for the name. That's pretty deep, Robert Johnson is incredible. But you also talk about the, you connected a storytelling of blues. So what makes a good story in a song? What aspect of storytelling connects with you in songs? So I'm a big lyricist guy too. I love like deep lyric people like Tom

Wates and like people that are like you know let her go and like that are you know Bob Dylan they're like obviously, yeah, it's poetry and then there's some people like the Rolling Stones there. It's like seemingly simpler, but it's still so much more to it. It's like, less is often more. It still tells a strong story. And there's there's certain people and Jagger and Mick Jagger and Keith Richards are in this boat. Billy Gibbons has. They just say things in a certain way.

They're just cool. It's just. And so, you know, I write our music in lyrics. I have to tell a story. I have to know the characters in the song. I'm not good at just writing some rhymes and having it match up to the right key in the right music. I have to understand, like, that's just me.

And so I think that, look, if you have three or four minutes to tell a story, you have to be more efficient with your use of language. And you have to understand what you're building to if anything, in a voc emotion. And hopefully, for those three minutes, get the listener to understand not only the minutes get the listener, time to understand not only the point of the song,

but where you're coming from, and to make you feel a certain way. There's a song that, you know, the audience has seemed to like a lot on the new album called Good Old Days. And I wrote that because, especially during COVID and reflecting on what normalcy looks like and what happens when you're cut off, I just was kind of taken with this idea of that when you sit around

and reminisce with friends, oftentimes it's not just like some big event happened. It's, remember that summer we'd go up to the lake all the time and it's who you were with. And at the time, it probably seemed pretty pedestrian, right? It just seemed like kind of a normal day, but it was the company you were keeping. It was the time in your life. It was whatever it was.

And I just kind of struck me that right now We're doing stuff that you're gonna reminisce about later that seems kind of ordinary be like man That was such a great time So the idea is be in the moment and all that stuff, but these are the good old days and And enjoy it and soak it in and you know kind of be present for it Yeah, it's a great perspective to take on the present because we are in the thing that we'll remember.

We're living through the thing we'll remember. And sometimes the things we'll remember is the simple stuff, the little stuff. Yeah. Outside of Keith Richards, who is the greatest ridiculous question, but just indulge me? Who is the greatest blues guitarist of all time, rock guitarist of all time? Well, you got a little bit of a hybrid with Jimmy Hendrix, right? Because he played the blues and he played rock and roll

So I think most guitarist would say Jimmy Hendrix was pretty ridiculous That probably for me. I'm a huge huge huge and expandable because you can't you can't I mean Even to this day. I don't care technology pedals whatever. He just somehow fused with the instrument I can't be sitting here in Austin, Texas without mentioning one of the great guitar players of all time in Stevie Ray Vaughn See that's how I know you're like a rock star. You sucking up to the audience. No, you're listeners all over the place.

Yeah, yeah. Stevie Ray Vaughn is another one of those. He's incredible. Just blows me away. And then with the older guys, I mean, BB King, Hubert Sommelin, Clapton. Yeah. Clapton's, I saw him on his last tour and just walked out on my, just like unbelievable

how he still sounds. So, and both electric and acoustic. Yeah, just mass range. Absolute master. And the greatest storyteller, you know, she'll Bob Seager, that's an interesting one. He almost doesn't get enough credit. I feel like for how great he is.

Obviously he's super famous, but. Now he's in his voice. I also, I had the privilege of getting friendly with John Fogarty, you know, John Fogarty and CCR fame. And he's another one that's just the way he phrases things. And you just look at the catalog of stuff he wrote, an amazing talent. I read Bruce Springsteen's book and was, I'm a fan, but after reading the book, it was really, you go back and listen to his lyrics and way he pours himself out is pretty incredible. And then again, with the old blues guys, I just think the emotion they could get out

of playing like the, staying on the one, right? Just playing the same rhythm. John Lee Hooker, you listen to Manish Boy by Muddy Waters and it's just, there's something so, it just draws me in every time and the emotion they're able to get out of things. And I'm also a huge Chuck Berry fan. I just think that sound is, I love it. Do you know how to play Johnny Be Good? I do.

Yeah. That's good. But maybe, you know, one of the great moments, at least of my childhood, was back to the future. And watching Michael J. Fox plug in. And then at the end, play at the dance to save his parents with Johnny Begood for you. Awesome. Yeah, the guitar is so much more than a musical instrument. It feels like it's like the, in the 20th century, it's like the car. Like it defines so much of Hollywood, so much of a generation of what it means to be,

I don't know, what it means to be a man, what it means to be a human in America, it's fascinating. Emblematic to me of a certain type of music. And that's, I made a documentary years ago called it, Mike, It Loud, with Jim The Page, The Edge. I highly recommend that everybody watch that documentary. It's incredible celebration of the guitar. Yes, it's a Jimmy Page, Jack White from Voice Trapes.

The Edge. And the Edge from you too. OK, all right. Well, now you have to tell the story of that one, because how the heck did that all come together because it's so fascinating. Such different musicians all coming together, talking about their story, talking about how the approach to music and also playing together a little bit in this casual kind of setting.

Well, look, one day I came downstairs and the Rolling Stone magazine is sitting there and it was the 50th, it was the 50 top guitarists of all time, their list. And then I had some other financial report with video games and the top video game at the time was Guitar Hero, right? And then there was a third thing, I can't recall it, but I just, and I said to myself, what is it about the guitar that is so central to the rock

and roll, whatever you want to call it, like, why is that the symbol? And I said to myself, I want to ask Jimmy Page why he picked up the guitar, because he's Jimmy Page, right? And so I called a friend of mine, Davis Guggenheim, who had directed inconvenient truth. And I think still is, but at the time was the biggest documentary ever. And I called Davis and I said, look, I have this idea. I want to make this movie about the guitar, about different eras and styles and whatever, but I've never made a documentary.

I don't know how to do that. So I was just looking for advice. And thankfully, because he's one of the best documentarians ever, Davis is like, you know what, I can't get this out of my head. I'll direct it, which was amazing. And we wrote three names down that represented different eras and different styles. Rarely do you get, different eras and different styles. Rarely do you go three for three, but it was those three guys. It was just such an incredible experience to sit there and get to know Jimmy Page. It was like Gandalf, man. He was like, always Jimmy Page. Yeah. And that was so cool to see him. Gandalf was good.

There's like a wisdom, there's a calmness to him, compared to like the restlessness of Jack White. Like the, I mean, that combination was just fascinating. It was one of the coolest experiences ever. And one of the things. There was a moment where Jimmy, he was going through his guitar case and he had the double neck from Starway to Heaven and he handed it to me and I was like, mm-hmm. I mean, it's like somebody handing X-caliber or something. Yeah, yeah. Amazing experience and the edge, one of the kindest human beings

you'll ever meet in your life, just an amazing person. And I think you hit it right on the head with Jack, is he's got that energy, you know, and constantly pushing himself. But it's hard to believe it's been, I think, 10 or 11 or maybe even 12 years since it came out. But...

After watching, I realized like how much it was needed. And I was almost surprised it didn't already exist. It was like, yeah, the guitar wasn't quite celebrated like explicitly. We almost didn't acknowledge it. How important it was culturally. It's kind of amazing. And the way it closed from the song, the wait. It was called the wait, yeah, by the band.

Yeah. Yeah. That's because they didn't want to go home. Yeah. We were shooting on a Warner Brothers sound stage for three days when we called it the summit where the three of them came together. Yeah. And the two things I'll never forget is when Jimmy starts to play the riff from a whole

lot of love. Yeah. Edge and Jack cease to be rock, you know, rock gods or whatever, and had the same 15 year old kid feeling that I did, you could see in their face. And then at the end, they're like, hey, can we play, we just wanna, we don't wanna go. Can we just play something acoustically?

So we print it out, the lyrics, that's what they wanted to play and they just sat there and sat on those couches and just That should get away and yeah Incredible. What's your guitar rig? Set up like you you also you have a few guitars First let's just put on the line. So what what's Better let's just put on lies. So what's better? Let's polish track. Well, I'm not going to get into what's better

because I'm sure that'll start a flood of whatever. For me, I'm going to say it's track. All right, well, I'm going to just go put out the... I, my main instrument is a, is a last Paul. But I, okay, okay. Let me just put on the table. I'm speaking as somebody who literally, I, I don't think I ever actually strummed a quarter

in the last ball. So I've been, maybe I've... Uninitiated. Exactly. So I don't speak from experience, but it's probably because a Hendrix was so deeply influenced by Hendrix that I just kind of followed his footsteps

and clapped and so on. The amazing thing to me is if you look back at Leo Fender and what the Gibson guitar company in Les Paul did in the 50s, those are still the shapes and the perfect thing today, right? The strap and the telecaster and the Les Paul. And they got it right way back then. So I have my main guitar, you got to name your guitar. So my main guitar is named Hazel and it's a 59 Les Paul and

there's something magical in that year like a strata various and they're just There's something different about them So I play that and then I play it through So, I play that and then I play it through sort of my main rig. It's either a 59 fender twin or a 65 Marshall. And then when we're on the road now, because when you use older vintage stuff, you just got to be super careful with the tubes and everything. It has to be reliable. So, very nicely, the guys from Too Rock

sent me some of their amps, and they're really, because I don't use any new stuff, but the Too Rock stuff is pretty great. So that's actually what I'm using. It gets close to the sound that you like with the model. Yeah, and it's new and reliable, so that's what I'm using on the road right now. Do people use emulation?

Do they use softwares? It's still. They do. I personally don't. I go, I don't have many pedals. I use a clon, a vintage clon straight into the amp. And it's as old school as possible. Is there other cool guitars you have that kind of stand out?

I have a bunch of what they call black guard telecasters from the 50s, which are pretty great. What are those black guard telecasters from the 50s, which are pretty great. What are those black guard telecasters? Yeah, so it just, you know, it's in the 50s. They actually have a black guard. They got it. But they're incredible. So what's the color of the telecaster itself? Most of them are yellow with black and then they got into different configurations, but there's something, I have a 51 telecaster that I play in Open G and in songs with Open G that just, again, there's something, you know, and I'll take all the help I can get to make it, it's sound great.

So I'll try to find the magic ones. What's your writing process like for the music and the lyrics? Is there? Do you have to go to the The mountains? Is there whiskey involved? What do you have to do? I just write a little bit one of you have a moment of free time. I'm a boring guy because I don't drink I don't I just I figure I can screw things up plenty on my own without adding anything but I figure I can screw things up plenty on my own without adding anything. It's a good call.

But for me, it either starts with a riff, just something that I think is an interesting riff or tone that I can kind of sink my teeth into a little bit. And then a lot of times I'll write a title and love a title and then start to Oh cool back to the title is almost like an idea. Yeah, like this is where I want to be and And then start kind of writing it out and again, I

Just have to know Am I writing from a character's point of view? Am I writing about someone or something? You know is like the narrator. And you know, what is this person? Are they happy? Are they sad? Or are they in life? I don't know if all that, like, great writers, I'm sure, would say, why don't you just

write? You don't need all that. But that's for me, that's my process. I'm not so sure about that. I bet you quite a lot of writers have Create a world in their mind Before they even put the simplest awards down. So yeah, there's there's quite a lot to that What's your favorite song to play?

Is there some favorites one favorite ones you go to? Well, both play and kind of, I'm sure you love singing. No, no, no, no. No, you know. I'm not, I'm neither talented nor do I have the desire and I think, you know, if you come see the show, you won't see a microphone anywhere near me.

But do you, I mean, do you hear it? Like when you're thinking about lyrics, you hear the idea of the words? 100% and especially what's great, you know, with Trey, is I write for his voice and then we have these amazing backup singers that are just, and I can hear all of it, I just can't do it. And so I'd say to of our stuff, there's a song called Half My Fault that I play in Open G that just I love playing the song, I love that energy. And then there's we have a new blues album coming out. And there's a song called Baby Were Through, and it just stays on the one. And for non-musicians, that means like in a lot of rock

and roll and blues, it's what's called a 145 progression from your kind of root note. And you would hear, if you're a non-musician, if you heard it, you'd be like, oh yeah, that's a lot of songs. And this song just stays on the same groove. Like look range or shake your hips or any of those songs. And this song just stays on the same group like look range or shake your hips or any of those songs. And it's just got this unbelievable energy and it's fun to play. But

I have to keep the same rhythmic thing going for the whole song. Well, that's simplicity. I mean, the the personality of the song can really shine me. Trace, I mean, that guy really cool. It just comes through. I guess you need that from a lead singer. And my other guitar player, Johnny Bob, he's a phenomenal, I mean like a legitimate guitar slinger. guitar slinger, you know, we probably split the leads 70-30 and he is just, you know, there's time sometimes I look over at him and I'm like, I'm being a fan right now because what you just laid down is pretty good. From a lead perspective, what's the most fun thing to play?

What do you, what kind of stuff do you, do you like slowed, do you like, I mean, if you think like thrill is gone, there's, so if you like slow do you like wait me if you feel like thrill is gone There's a so if you look at BB King sometimes one node just bending shit out of that. Yeah, what do you call that vibrato? Yeah, if I'm gonna play the lead It's a certain kind of feel it slow blues is probably my favorite to play or something that's got a little more of that Chuck Berry drive where you can be rhythmic in the lead that Chuck Berry drive where you can be rhythmic in the lead. You know, I can't, the shredding thing that those guys do is that that's not my- I was actually always able to do that really well. Like you mentioned people that pick up

fat, like maybe it's the classical piano training. I could play super fast and guitar, super technical, but to me the hardest thing and the my favorite thing is just, it's probably less to do with the guitar and more living on life that's worth playing a guitar for. It's like a certain kind of emotion that you can put into the notes and that has to do with bending notes well, like bending notes is a whole other art form of I worked surprisingly a long time on comfortably numb and there's so David Gilmore is there's a lot of bending and they're simple they sound simple but the dynamics of them to express like a build up in the way it's held and there's often

of a broader at the top for a bit. Just that it's almost like a sigh and a sigh of relief and the build up, I mean, it's just that's an art for him that's hard to get right. It's not just playing a note playing a note playing a note It's it's in that like dynamic movement of a note that so much can happen. That's where the blues is happens to it It's like I'm a huge Freddy King fan too, right who and you listen to these guys and they're You sit there and they're like man. You're playing in a small range on the neck.

But you know, it's like, I know the notes you're playing and I'm playing them too, but not like that, right? I mean, it's in Gilmore is certainly one of those guys. It's incredible guitar playing. And yet another chapter of an amazing life, you love football. Like you meant you you play football. Yes. Well, positions you play wide receiver.

Wide receiver. Awesome. So maybe you can talk a little bit about your love of football and the fact that you are part owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers. Yeah. that you are part owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers. Yeah. So, I mean, where do we start? We start at the beginning, let's start at the end.

Why the Steelers? What attracted you to the, first of all, I think not to be controversial, but one of the best uniforms in football, terms of just like black and gold, just. T.K.L only on one side. Yeah, it's great. Yeah, the helmet. Look, I've bl the black and gold. Just. D.Kell only on one side. Yeah, it's great. Yeah, the helmet.

Look, I've bled black and gold since I was a little boy. I grew up in upstate New York. And the first football game I ever saw was the Steelers and the Super Bowl is a really little kid. And it just, I mean, Jack Lambert and Joe Green and Franco Harris and those guys were like, came down from Olympia, the Mount Olympus or something. And I just was enamored with the team. And because we only had three channels, the only time I'd get to see them as occasionally when they were the game of the week or something. And I just loved to me what they stood for, the toughness.

And they played football, you know, the way that I thought was great. I was a huge Jack Lambert fan, our Hall of Fame linebacker, who just intimidated everybody. So that was like the that was the decade of the the steel curtain like the I mean arguably one of the great sort of defensive of in in football history and also one of the greatest football teams period of in football history. I've been a lifelong fan And was very fortunate to meet mr. Rooney The Rooney family started the team in 1933, got to know him and just was asked to be part of the ownership group.

I think it was the end of 2007. First year as part of the group in 2008, we won the Super Bowl and it was like, beyond surreal, and just beyond surreal. And you know, it's amazing to be able to do. I mean, the Rooney family is one of those most revered in sports for the way they conduct themselves. Mr. Rooney passed away, I think five years ago now and we lost him but was a champion helped build the league. I mean put the league as we know it together. More importantly

was a civil rights champion who created what we now call the Rooney rule to make sure that we're being fair about giving minority coaches a chance to get hired. And just is one of the most kind and amazing human beings I ever met. It's incredible what sport does, like to bring out the best in people, to give people hope to inspire people. There is something about football that has all the elements of a great sport. It's the teamwork, it's the sort of the combat aspect of it. It's the purity of it.

It's strength and power and speed. And all the elements of like last minute close calls required to win the game and where referee decisions of course that's essential for a sport can screw up the whole thing. Just go all of it together I think. Just I don't know it gives the drama and the triumphs are just beautiful. Like some of my favorite memories, I don't know if it's an accident

or this is common with people, it's just with friends watching football and connecting over that. Yeah, well, it's, look, it's an incredible game because there's nowhere to hide, right? You're out there on the field. It's a great game that requires Not only all those attributes that you said, but it's it's incredibly complex game

So if you don't know what you're looking at and you don't understand how complex Defenses are trying to disguise what they're doing Offenses are trying to overcome that and and you can set up one play the entire You know the entire game, but a team that plays well together, right, knows their plays inside and out, knows their assignments inside and out, can overcome and beat a more physically gifted team because of that, you know, that aspect of working together. One of the things that I always loved about sports is just you're out there, there's a set of rules, and there's a scoreboard.

So at the end of that game, it says, and you can make excuses about the rafts or this happened or that happened. But, you know, at the end of the day, did you go out and compete? And when you went out and we're a competitor, how did it work out, right? And the simplicity of that and the purity of that

is something that I always have been drawn to. What about the business of sort of owning a team, or putting together a team, or trying to like build up a team that's going to be a great team. What are some interesting aspects that people might not realize that you can carry over from all the other experience you have in business? I think the hardest thing about professional sports, right?

Now, it's individuals getting paid money to play a sport which is different than it's certainly different than amateur. And you know the decisions that are hard is when you get to know somebody who's a player on the team and either they're at the end of their career or you need to go in a different direction. And that person who's done everything that you've asked, whatever the coach is of asked of that person, and you get close to him. And then when they have to be traded, released, or whatever happens, it's, that's sad.

And being able to stand back in some ways, be dispassionate and not be a fan right there's a I'm on the baseball Hall of Fame board and One of the the guys that's on the the board of me is Jerry Rinesdorf And I think it was Jerry who said you know if you act like a fan you'll be sitting with him Which I thought was kind of funny. Well, I got a pushback in that a little bit Well as as a by way of a fan asking a dumb question. Okay, let me just give some examples.

It's very common in sport. It's funny you said this example of like certain great players going to another team right at the end of their career. And it always makes me sad. It almost makes me want to wish that you kind of retired right there. From a perspective of just like, do you ever, as an owner, but just in that space, think about like the Steelers in the full arc of human history. So not like as a business.

I mean, okay, this is my good news, sir. I don't have to think about it as a business. Right. You know, I'm almost a fan. So I can think about it almost as a fan, but I'm sorry, go ahead. Yeah, well, that's what I mean. I suppose this is a dumb question to think of, um, I suppose this is a dumb question to think of a business in that way, not just investment, but like legacy of what footprint would you leave on this world on this history? That is one thing that I can say unequivocally, and I only have the experience that I have. But one of the things that I'm so proud of about the way the Steelers conduct themselves is, and that's the Rooney family,

that's the legacy of the Rooney family, is asking constantly about what's right for the league, what's right for the players, you know, what's the right thing to do here? And that's something that I would hear Mr. Rooney say all the time. So I think that legacy is important because ultimately the team belongs to that city, right?

Belongs to those fans and, you know, the owners of the custodians of that. So I think, and when you realize what sports teams mean to the fans, the memories that it creates, the bonds that it creates, it's a responsibility. And I think that you do have to think beyond the, you know, certainly not just dollars and cents, but just sports is a very big deal in our society and it has

to be, I think, held to a standard that's not just, well, were we profitable this year? Or that's there are other businesses for that. It is certainly a business. I don't mean to romanticize to the point that it's not, but to me, it's more than that, or at least my experience has been that it's more than that. It's a sort of a meaning for millions of people. And you see that most, like doing COVID, for example, when there's so much desperation, so maybe people losing their job, so many people have any deal with the uncertainty with their future holds. That's right. There's something about sports that just unites us

that again, the tragedy and the triumphs of sport, of gathering together with your friends, with family, shared experience of over like this, yeah, over just team, over rooting for your team, for your city. Ultimately. And the access, again, as I alluded to, we didn't have anything when I was growing up, but I would pour through the box scores.

I was a huge Yankee fan and Steeler fan and feeling some ownership of that, right, that I could read the box score and relive what they did and occasionally see them on TV and feel like I was part of that celebration when they won and everything. It's a very powerful thing. You've been exceptionally successful in a bunch of avenues and a bunch of efforts. What advice would you give to a young person a day? A high school student, a college undergraduate that's thinking about career, maybe advice, not about

just career, but about how to live a life they can be proud of. You know, we talked earlier about intellectual honesty, and to me, that's the first step of just saying, to the best of your ability, who am I? And what's important to me, and what do I want to do and accomplish? If you can start with that and develop some sort of rules based philosophical, here's what I'll what I'll do, what I won't do. And that way you can be flexible and pliable and you're going to need to be, but if you still have a compass that tells you, hey, at least I know this is the path I'm going to take, I think that's very important.

The rules you're referring to, the principles that's kind of like underlying integrity. So knowing what lines you don't cross on this path. Exactly right. Because if you have those absolutes, there are many decisions that come into focus very quickly, right, because hey, that's not for me. Or hey, I'm willing to do whatever it takes to do X, Y, and Z. And that has to do with the thing you were talking about.

It's kind of interesting. You mentioned earlier in the conversation about slippery slope, and that's how often it happens. Like how the slipping into unethical behavior happens. It's the slippery slope of little adjustments. You put stuff off. And that I found that to be, I've been fortunate to not have to encounter these moments very much in my life, but I still encounter them. That's what integrity, I think, looks like, is in the, as the slippery slope is happening, those little things is without drama, without making a show of it, making a decision that

stands behind your principles and just walking away. Yeah. And besides the big ideas, I'm going to change the world. I'm going to innovate. I'm going to do all those other things. I also start if I'm giving any advice, which, you know, we can debate whether or not, you know, I should be giving advice. But just in terms of, well, let me start with this. Are you a good friend? Can you be good friend? Can you be counted on? Do you do what you say you're going to do? Yeah, right? Are you accountable to what you sign up for and do you hold others accountable? Right what what is all that look like and then I think it's

Being as intellectually curious and well-read as you can be. We live in a world that is designed to distract you, right? And being able to sit with your thoughts or go on a walk and think deeply about something, and not just surface area, you text me, I text you back, and we decide the fate of the world based on a couple of text messages or something. You don't want to lose touch, I think, with being well read and understanding on great thinker shoulders and learning from those works. And then I also think that there's resiliency, and then there's grit.

And I heard someone say one time that those are slightly different. And I know that there are all kinds of challenges in life, that are tragic, that are unfair. There's no question that's the world we live in. But for me personally, to try as much as possible, not to be in the victim mindset, because unfair things are going to happen. And, you know, we all want to live in an idealistic, just world. That, that should be what we aspire to.

I haven't seen that yet. I haven't experienced that yet, but yet you still have to function in that world. So, you know, I think that that resiliency thing is very important. And then putting yourself out there, right? Because if you play scared and you're always afraid to fail, you know, this is probably a dumb way to get to the end of the podcast, but there are times, especially on Mount West, I love the big sky out in Montana, Idaho, places like that.

And when you look up at night, it's almost like I've never seen anything like this before because there's no light pollution so to speak. And sometimes when I look up the most daunting problems that I'm experiencing, I'm like, those things have been there for a billion years or whatever. And I'll be gone and it doesn't, you know, the most famous person on earth 200 years ago. So, you know, it's pretty fleeting. And so make sure you have a good journey and especially coming out of COVID,

I think telling people that you care about, that you care about them and maintaining and cultivating your friendships and relationships and they're not just transactional, right? And making sure that someday when you're laying there, you can say, yeah, I was good family member. I was a good friend. I was someone that could be counted on. I think all those things go into the mix of, you know, however you want to take the journey. So when you look up to the stars, do you think about that quickly approaching end of yours?

Do you think about your own mortality? Do you think about your death? Are you afraid of your death? I'm a huge fan of stoicism, right? I read a lot of stoicism. I think Ryan Holidays done a great job of bringing some of that back into the forefront. It's just really thought provoking to me and rings a lot of it rings just hits me and says, I think

that's right. And that momento Mori thing, which is, hey, we're all going to die. So you should contemplate it. There's a finality to this thing. And so I think if you can rightly frame that between fretting about it every day and being afraid and being so laissez-faire that you think you're going to live forever, it'll influence some of the decisions you make. It will influence the way you attack things and hopefully the way that you live your life. So yes, I Wouldn't say I obsess over it and I wouldn't say it's omnipresent But because I read a lot of stoicism and just I think it's it's right to pause and say Who knows right there's to be an expiration date. And if it happened

tomorrow, have I done the things I wanted to do, and am I the person I wanted to be? And I think it's important along the way to check those things. Yeah, I try to make sure that I actually visualise this, that I'm okay dying at the end of the day at the end of each day Like if this is the last thing I do in my life is talking to you. Oh good lord. I'm I'm happy. I know you're joking, but I'm you know that Yeah, I'm happy I get to live the life I do and I think, moment to more, I think the stokes have it right. So you and you have it right in saying meditate on death enough to remember that this

ride ends pretty quickly to help you appreciate every day and the people you love, the people close to you and the cool shit that you're doing in your life, the cool shit you're creating. And the fact that you, Mr. Thomas Tall, are playing with the motherfucking rolling stones tomorrow. You are the man in so many disciplines, so, so respect this, so successful. It's truly an honor. You sit down and talk with me today. Thomas, thank you so much for showing up in Texas and for talking on the silly little podcast.

Oh, it's great, man. I'm a huge fan of the show and I've had a great time hanging with you and really appreciate it. Thanks for listening to this conversation with Thomas Tall. To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description. And now let me leave you with some words from Mick Jagger and the Rolling Stones. You can't always get what you want, but if you try sometimes, you might find the you