Oh What A Time... - #62 Humiliation (Part 2)

Episode Date: August 19, 2024

This is Part 2! For Part 1, check the feed from yesterday! This week we’re dwelling in the podcasting pits of utter humiliation. We’ll be finally looking at the specifics of the infamous stocks and pillory, shaved heads as a punishment, the dunces cap and the humiliating act of ‘white shirting’. Humiliation is of course the specialist subject of Tom Craine who once lost a kebab stained shirt to the roof of a cab. Do you have any humiliating stories to share? And also, what can you offer to the museum of failure? Let us know here: [e-mail] If you're impatient and want both parts in one lovely go next time plus a whole lot more(!), why not treat yourself and become an Oh What A Time: FULL TIMER? In exchange for your £4.99 per month to support the show, you'll get: - two bonus episodes every month! - ad-free listening - episodes a week ahead of everyone else - And first dibs on any live show tickets Subscriptions are available via AnotherSlice, Apple and Spotify. For all the links head to: ohwhatatime.com You can also follow us on:  X (formerly Twitter) at @ohwhatatimepod And Instagram at @ohwhatatimepod Aaannnd if you like it, why not drop us a review in your podcast app of choice? Thank you to Dan Evans for the artwork (idrawforfood.co.uk). Chris, Elis and Tom x Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

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19 plus and physically located in Ontario. Gambling Palm call 1866, 531, 2,600 or visit Connects Ontario. C.A. Hello, this is part two of Humiliations. Let's get on with the show. Right, so I want to tell you now about head shaving as a ritual of humiliation that has gone on all over the world for centuries. And I will say, I think it's probably lost some of its humiliation because it's quite cool now, isn't it? Ever since David Beckham did it, the shaved head now. But also, in, I remember the tail end of this, if you had a shaved head up to when I was

about 13, everyone talked about it. And people would call you Kojak. And they would say slaphead, and they would call you a slap-ed. And now obviously if, because the combover was a big part of sort of Western culture. Yes. I could name so many footballers and just people in my life with combovers and then I would say at some point in the 1990s people, I'd just get rid of it, just shave it off. And then it, and then it became acceptable to have a shaved head and then it sort of was the kind of th. the the the the the to the to to to to th. th. I, I, I, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, the the the the the the their, their, their, their, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the kind of thing that, I mean, I also remember the time when it was like the hard kids who did it, sort of skinhead culture and all that kind of stuff. I know, I know I could not pull off a shaved head.

I just don't have the face at all. But have you ever done it? Because I thought that? Because I thought that? It was great, I loved it. It did quite suit you, Skull, actually. I remember you had short hair. Yeah, it did suit you. You have that. You don't know until you try it. I think. It grows back so fast.

I would look bad. I would look bad. It grows back so fast. This really feels like you're trying to time we podcast two hours later. As exactly as it was. Can I suggest last week we talked about the Museum of Things that Didn't Worker Things that didn't work slash the Museum of Failure? A hair cut section?

Comber is in there? Yeah, definitely. I don't think maybe that great. That punk rocker in the 70s when they use like egg yolk to the the the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the museum, the, the museum, the museum, the, the, the museum, the, the museum, the museum, the, the museum, use, use, is the museum, is the museum, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, they.e, is the museum, is the museum, use, use, is the museum, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use, use. Yeah, there's that great photo of Bobby Charlton and he's kicking the ball and as a striker of the ball in terms of technique he's probably the world's best ever but as he's striking the ball to the right his comb over is all going to the left. Have you seen like it's about nine foot long. It's hilarious. It's a really funny photograph. I mentioned this one so quickly Kevin and I'm going to put it to to put it to put it to put it to to to to put it to to to to to put it to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to the to the the the the the the the the ball it the ball it's the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the ball the to to to to to to to to to th. to to to to to to to th. to to to to to thi. to the ball. the ball. the ball. the ball. the ball. the photograph. I mentioned this once a quickly Kevin and I'm going to put it to you now, which is that Bobby Charlton, if you look at pictures of him throughout his career, towards the tail end, the comb over gets thinner.

Have you ever noticed this? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Which I find absolutely perplexing because the source material is not, you know, the source of that river isn't drying up. He still has hair on the side of his head. So why does the comb over get thinner? It doesn't make any sense. He's heading the ball too much. Is that what it is? It's sort of slowly. I don't know. It doesn't make any sense. Because he's still got that side of their hair. Yeah. Because he's still got the side the side the side the side the side the side the side the side the side the side th. th. th. th. th. th. th. th. the th is still th. th is still th. the th. th. th. th is still the th. the the the the the the the the their their their their their their their their their their their the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the th. th. th. th. th. th. th. th. the. the. the the the the the the thea. thea. thea. thea. thea. thea. thea. thea. the yeah. So you say punks used to use eggs to spike up their hair. Yeah, yeah. That's what I heard. Well, if you're a punk and you're in the in the pillory and they're lobbying eggs, you're thinking, little do you know, you're actually playing into my game here. All the eggs. All the eggs getting caught on the spikes at the the the hair laughing to yourself you're just going yes yes yes yes is working out so well for me this is so rock and roll exactly what I wanted all right well let's go back

to 19th century Persia where hair was a marker of beauty and attraction as well as kind of virility and adulthood and Persian men were expected to have facial hair. So to have it shade off was understood as a punishment for certain crimes. So some of the crimes were included working as a pimp or quite a broad category leading people astray. That could include giving people alcohol, selling alcohol or playing music late at night which was thought to encourage dancing which was frowned upon for a man. So as a punishment, you would have your hair shaved off, you'd have your beard shaved, and then there would be a public humiliation element to this. So in the 17th century in Cairo, a witness who produced false documents in court had his beard shaved before being paraded through the markets on a camel accompanied by a crier announcing his

offenses to the crowds. Wow. Which is very similar than if you've seen Game of Thrones, that scene, shame. Shame, shame. Shame, shame. You have to walk through the town like, shame! Yeah. I think that's quite tough isn't it. The head shaving aspect I could live with, but being dragged through the town on a camel while someone goes, guess what he's done? Guess what he's done? The problem with the head shaving is that if no one else has a shaved head, it's such an obvious descriptor of, it's such an obvious signpost that you've done something

long, isn't it? Yeah, yeah. That's the problem with it. Yeah, I can see why in Persia you would really stand out. But there's recent examples of it. The Second World War, of course. And this is the example of Heb Schaving that I'm probably most familiar with as a punishment. So when the Allies liberated Europe in France and obviously a lot of the French people there, some of them had collaborated with the Germans. So on the 16th of August 1944, Hungarian American photographer Robert Kappa happened to be in Shatra filming the liberation of France. He was 30 years old, he'd risked his life to capture some of the scenes on D-Day,

on the landings, on the beaches, and Chartre, the town brought something else into kind of Kappa's lens. So the town lies about 95 kilometers southwest of Paris. It was fully liberated on the 18th of August, but just before that on the 16th, retribution was being enacted on those who had collaborated with the Nazis or those who had left behind reasons for revenge. And this this isn't unique to France, France, France, to France, to France,, to France, the France,,, to,, to, to to to to their,, to their, their, the, the, the, the, the, their, the, thi, the the, the, the, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, their, their, their, to, to, to, to, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, toe.a, toe.a.a.a.a.auuuuuuucoa, toda, today, today, their, their, their, their't unique to France by any means. It happened elsewhere, happened in Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, Serbia. And so what would happen is women who were accused accurately or otherwise of having had sexual liaisons with the Nazis, so-called collaboration horizontal.

Women were kind of put in the town square and had their heads publicly shaved. And it was a big thing in the summer in 1944. Them tondues or simply Le tondos, the shorn they were known. And Kappa's photograph depicted one Simone Tousseau, a 23-year-old woman who had been employed by the Germans as a translator. And then she'd also had a relationship with a German soldier and bore him a child. And then the photographs of her head shaved, and their photographs of her with a head shaved, carrying her baby, pushed along by a policeman, being harangued by a large crowd, her head shaved, her forehead, her forehead, her head,

shaved head, her head shaved head, and her head shaveying. So yeah, but the other thing that happened with the shaved heads of the women was that there's a lot of research around the fact that the people doing the head shaving were kind of trying to cover up secrets of their own, that they were perhaps collaborationist themselves rather than heroes of the resistance, and they were kind of using this humiliation of vulnerable women as a way to cover up their own crimes. So very, very messy, but that's what a recent example of head shaving, but in the wearing of a cap. The dunce's hat, remember this? Yes. The conical hat the conical hat that the dunce would wear. I never realized how popular this is but in the Europe and the United States in the 19th and early 20th century, it was massive. I swear my dad said that there was a dunce's cap when he went to school. Wow. Like in the 50s, definitely, it was in North America,

they had it in, they permitted caps as late as the 1950s. So how did it work? Was there always someone wearing the dunces cap, whoever was bottom at the class? No, it wasn't that. Was it a punishment? Yeah, it was a punishment. And it was for the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, and it, the person, and it, and it, and it, the person, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, the person, the person, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, and it, the the the the the the the the the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the person, the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the thacher decided was particularly slow at learning or stupid or disrupted. Terrible. It would be horrific wouldn't it? Guess when it was outlawed in England and Wales?

1980. I'm gonna go for a bit earlier than that. I'm gonna go 1970. 2010. What? Wow. Wow. That is unbelievable. Yeah so I'm sure my dad said so that he might have in a school in their 60s. So I'm sure it was still going on, like fairly recent memory. No kids ever thrived in that scenario, have they? No kids ever gone home and said to their parents, do you know what? I had to wear the dunces his cup today. It was brilliant. And I ended up knuckling down and working really th th th th hard th hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard th hard th hard to wear the dentist's cap today it was brilliant and I ended up knuckling down and working really hard and it was great. It's so true. Yeah, do you know what's really going to give that child a passion for education? Humiliation. That's the thing that's going to really instill a love of learning in him. Good, yeah. It would be accompanied with having a stand on a stool or standing on a stool or stand on a stool. Or the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, th, th, th, th, thi, thi, thi, yeah, th. Yeah, thi, thi, thi, thi, thi, thi, thi, th. Yeah, yeah, th. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, to, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, to, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, to, yeah, to. Yeah, too, too, too, too, too, too, too, too, toooooooooooo, too, too, too, too, too, too, today, the wall? Oh yeah, my mother remembers that. My mother talks about that happening at school, being made to stand on the table as well. My mother was made to stand on the table all through one lunchtime when she was,

when she was about six because she asked the dinner lady how old she was. the d'lady was, the dinner ladies were in my private school. I have no idea. She said, how old are you? And then the teacher was like, what did you say? Yeah. She had to stand to the table. That's a valid question. It is a valid question when you're six. Yeah, absolutely.

My son asked my friend Dan yesterday if he was brothers with our friend Chris because they're both told they they they're both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both both their their their their their their to to told. glasses and I've got beards. They've kids asked daft questions. Yeah. I remember corporal punishment in school. I definitely got smacked by the teacher. Did you? I think I, did you have this? I got smacked by the teacher for mixing paints and I'll tell you what, I never mixed him again. It had been, bring it back. I officially outlawed by the time we were at school, but then you had some old school teachers. Really? That's right. This is the first year of primary school. I got smacked on the bum.

Yeah, mid-80s. Yeah. I remember in primary school, because I used to, I sucked my thumb until I was about seven or eight. Oh yeah, do you want to say 17 or 18 Tom or do you know you can stick with seven or eight? Well embarrassingly Ellis having then stopped sucking my thumb when I was about seven or something like that, I then had a brief window of sucking my thumb again when I was about 22. Because I smoked too much weed for a brief period. I gave up weed and my way of dealing with the oral fixation of not smoking weed was I started sucking my thumb again, which was really annoying my mid-twenties and I got properly addicted to it again. Who are you? And then I went through a period after

that of dealing with it why I would tuck my thumbs into my fists as a way of not sucking my thumbs, and I still do that today when I'm stressed. So when I'm stressed my natural response now I says tuck my thumbs in because what I really want to do on a deep level suck, suck my thumb that's what I really want to do. And sometimes on trains, how lame is this? When we go into a tunnel and it would be dark briefly I would quickly pop my thumb in and have a quick suck and then we come out the tub and get smop it out again. You're an absolute, you're an absolutely nobody knows. Nobody knows the pleasure I've just had. I've just put my thumb in my mouth. It's rubbish. Yeah what's the good bit of that? What is the good bit? Do you know I genuinely cannot risk putting it in my mouth again to see if that's right or not because I know how good. Because you're an addict.

I'm addicted to my thumb. I can't get enough of it. So anyway, primary school I suck my thumb. I suck my thumb and my teacher, I'm not going to tell you her name, slap my thumb out of my mouth and then point it out to the other children I suck my thumb and I shouldn't be sucking my thumb. Anywaying my thum my thumb and I'm thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. thumb. So thumb. thumb. So to to to to to to to to to to to to to thumb. I can't thumb. I can't thumb. I thumb. I thumb. I thumb. I thumb. I thumb. I thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thu thumb. I thumb. I thumb. I can't thumb. I can't thumb. I can't to to to to to thumb. I can asleep on the beanbags, and she's sucking her own thumb. Shut, what a twist that was. I couldn't believe what, it was the first time I'd ever felt deep injustice. I couldn't believe what I was saying. I know, unbelievable. And yes, she was having the time of her life. Of course she was. She was worried about you becoming an addict just like her top.

She'd been there. Quick word on corporal punishment. When I was a kid growing up in the 80s, my auntie Susan had a rule where she was like, I'll never smack my kids. I'll never smack my kids. And the whole family thought she was insane, like a hippie. And now, it's mad to think that you used to give your kids a smack

on the bottom. How fast that's changed? You used to see kids being smacked in the street all the time in the 80s. Yeah, absolutely. I used to see it all the time in Woolworths and W.H. Smiths being smacked next to the picket mix, all that kind of stuff. You never see it now, or very, very rarely. I'm going to say it, that's, I think it's fine, not to smack. Yeah, I think these are better times now. I think we can agree with that. Yeah, let's shake hands on that. Corporal punishment was outlawed by the European Court for Human Rights. So he was, that teacher was squeezing a couple of slaps in just before it became illegal.

Just to get it out of the system. In state run schools and in private schools were at least part of the funding came from government, corporal punishment was outlawed by the British Parliament on the 22nd July 1986, I was 5, I would have been in year, I'd have been in reception I think going into year one following a 1988 two ruling by the European Court of Human Rights. Do you reckon the day before the law passed it was a real, there was so much smack it going on. It would have been a complete free for all. No year was. You just hold your ear to the wind you just hear slapping and crying children all over

Britain. It's a new day. How can you make the most of it with your membership rewards points? Earned points on everyday purchases. Use them for that long-awaited vacation. You can earn points almost anywhere, and they never expire. Treat your friends or spoil your family. Earn them on your adventure and use them how you want when you want. That's the powerful backing of American Express. Learn more at MX.c.sterms apply. So I'm taking it back to the 1890s. Now, the South Wales town of my stag, where I was once humiliated, I was recording an EP with my band because it was a very cheap studio there. The producer wanted to be paid in cash. I said I'm got an F-cage, she said it's fine.

There's a Nat West ATM, there's a cash point at the bottom of the road, I went down there, and I was stoned, not in the sense that I had a couple of spliffs, some lads at the best stop through stones in the biblical punishment style. I thought this is, this is my stake, this is my stake. Simply for not being from my stague. I. I. I. I. And I. And I. And I. And I. And I. And I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I was, I, I was, I was, th. And I was, I was, th. And I was, I was, I was, th. And I was, thi, I was, I was, I was, I was, th. And I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, and I was, I was, I was, and I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, I was, th. And, th. And, th. And, th. And, th. And, th. And, th. And, th. And, th. th. th. th. th. th. th. there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, there, I was, there, It was obvious I wasn't local. This is quite a small place. Everyone knows each other. And I, yeah, I got, I remember I sort of put in my pin number and then a stone bounced in my pin number and then a stone bounced against the wall and then a thrown against orry. And then I turned down and there just a lot of kids chucking stones me. It was a good day and I was glad. Anyway, in 1893, the South Wales town of Mystay was disturbed by the ritual humiliation of a

group of miners who chosen to go to work rather than join their fellow workers in a strike. So obviously this was in especially in industrial communities, a big, you know, community transgression. So taking the side of the non-striking miners, the local newspaper, portrayed a reign of terror in which those on strike attacked those who were not, and white-shirted their opponents. So when the case came before magistrates a few weeks later, a fresh crowd, upwards of six or seven hundred strong invaded the prosecutor's house and subjected him to white shirting as well, marching him down the streets. This is how the paper described the events. What is white shirting? Well I'll tell you now.

They've been a rain of terror at this place, people who were in their beds at their houses were hauled from them, forced out into the street by the crowd, and compelled to walk in some instances a mile and a half tied together with others. Was seizing a man against his will and forcing a shirt upon him an assault or was it not? So they're basically, yeah. So these are men who had crossed the picket line for one of a better phrase, they'd gone to work in the minds when others weren't, and were ripped out of their beds in the middle of the night and forced to parade through the town wearing just a shirt that they've been forced to wear. Yes, made to wear a sort of a white shirt as a sort of as a ritual

humiliation so that everyone knew that what it you know what you know what you know what you do yeah so they do this this this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this quite this this th th th th is quite th is quite thi thi. the. the. the. the. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. th. th. their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their their. their their their their their their their their to their to to to toeei. their toe. their their their their their their their their their their the Ronver. So often, the not always, the victims were pre-worned with notes that read, if you keep on with your work, we will put a white shirt on you. Ignore such things at your peril. Now, there was another thing called the Scotch cattle, which we studied at school, I'd never heard of white shirting, but Scotch cattle, we studied at school and at university where miners, the miners, and the miners, to their their miners, their their, their, their, their, their, their, their, in miners, their, their, their, in in miners, their, in in in in in miners, their, their, their, their, their, their, tho, their, their, tho, tho, tho, tho, tho, tho, th. th. th. th. th, th, th, th, th, th, th, their, their, their, their, th, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, toea, toea. Weiiiiiiiiiii. Wei. Weia. We will, their, their, their, their, their, their, the homes of other local miners who were working during a strike or cooperating with employers against the local mining communities and they would punish them by like ransacking their property or attacking them physically. I'm sure I've read, this might be one for corrections corn. I'm sure I've read that it was done as well if you'd committed adultery and stuff sort of an if you were breaking the rules and customs of the community, but certainly in the main it was known it was th, it was th, it was th, it was known th, it was known th, it was known, it was known, it was known, it was known, it was known, it was known, the, the, the rules and customs of the community, but certainly in the main it was known as something that scabs would be subjected to. So occasionally the white shirt was given an extra flourish with an

apron tied around the neck. So in the worst examples, the victims were splashed with like pigs blood or painted with black lead, stripped naked to the waist, and these cases they were made to walk barefooted. So in 1906, in similar circumstances and again in 1910, miners who refused to join their trade union were again white-shirted and they'd be frog-march through the towns, hoots and yells of derision flowed from the crowd lined up along the road. Sometimes a humiliation was left in the hands of women, others faced the wrath of children, who with shrill cries and ta' danced around them beating tin cans and singing for he's a jolly good fellow I reckon I could handle that sounds quite pleasant a load of kids singing for he's a jolly good fellow sarcastically and beating tin cans I can I can I promise you I can put up with them a brand new white shirt as well a

bystander might think got one great guy yeah where's a birthday cat I like this on it's this bro, the local kids absolutely love him. It's an absolute bloody legend, don't he? Now, occasionally the white shirt was given an extra flourish with an apron tied on the neck and the worst examples of victims were splashed with pig swill, painted with black lead, stripped naked to the waist. These cases they were made to walk bare foot. The white shirt was of course a symbol of cowardice, just as the white feather would become during the First World War, where he chose to intimidate and humiliate in equal measure. So, you know, the likely victims often tried to run away escaping in the middle of the night or running. One block ran full out of a barbershop because he knew

he was going to be white shirted. I'm really hoping that was that was halfway through a haircut. So he's sat. He's going short. He's going, do you know what, I'm actually going to do it. It's half, it's left-hand side's been done. First snip. So even in moments where people escaped public ritual, crowds happily march through communities, brandishing a white shirt attached to a pole and brass bands would provide musical accompaniment. A favorite song, particularly after its release in 1906, was Fred Lee's the Galloping Major, the lyrics so that they add to the spirit of the event. Actually, this song is available on YouTube, but I listened to it last night. When I was in the army, I was a cavalry man, you know. And whenever I went on parade, a magnificent picture I made.

Through my galloping there,the ridiculous hubbys I got and if I'm hanged and if I don't think I'm galloping now where I'm up in the saddle or not and the people they stare at me so for it matters not where I go it's bumpity bump bump bump bumpity bump as if I was riding my charger it's a good it's a good music round of applause that very good love that Friday night down the played the playtalist that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's that's the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the they the the they they they they. I'll the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the Palladium with a 1950s Ellis that's what you see. Oh yeah I'd have been absolutely massive as well so successful. Like for various reasons white shirt parades and the practice of white shirting seems to be an exclusive to the South Wales Colfield of the 1890s in the early part of the last century. So elsewhere intimidation was more direct or physically threatening assaults, physical and verbal, encirclement by crowds wearing identifying markers

like blue ribbons. So the use of brass bands was more commonplace, so non-unionists would be woken up by the cacophony and if that didn't work the same non-unionists might wake up one day to find their house painted black, a stigma that would be carried through social memory into subsequent generations. So blackened houses, incidentally, recall the behavior the Rebecca gangs of early 19th century Kamarthenshire. Also, I suppose, it's all the more sort of,

what would be the west way of describing it? In a small community where everyone knows your name? Like, yeah. There's a sort of thing about humiliation when you're living in a huge city. There's a slight anonymity to it. This becomes particularly particularly a ca, they, they, they, they, they, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, an anonymity to it. This becomes particularly cruel if that's the right phrase. E.G. right? I don't care what anyone thinks in London because it's too big and no one knows who I am. In Kamar then, when I was a kid I used to refuse to put on lip-sill on the bus because I was scared that someone would take the piss and and word would get around and everyone would know that I was a lip-sill guy. Yeah and someone would write lip-sill on your house and that would be a shame for generations.

But they'd write it in with lipsie so it was actually transparent you couldn't read it. Lipsil loser. So the Rebecca gangs which we must do in in Pracy, toll booths were destroying the local communities, local farmers were dressed up as women to destroy them and smash them and then that grew into a sort of a big movement in the West Wales area. Right. And lots of other local injustices were tackled by these people who were dressed as women. Okay so yeah the blackened houses it was all it was all part of humiliating people who were seen as community transgressors. I perspare a thought I'll end on this for one man from Coitie which is Neabridge End who was coming off shift at the colliery during the 1926 general strike. He was surrounded by a

group of women, pushed into a wheelbarrow, a white shift pulled over his head and from that embarrassing position he was pushed all the way home with someone playing tunes on a concert like a stag to a their the the the the their their their their their their their their their That is the best humiliation of the whole episode. A wheelbarrow is the most embarrassing kind of farm yard implement. Yeah, so when the wheelbarrow arrived at the man's house, he was told not to go to work tomorrow and dumped on his own doorstep. A few days later when the police turned up to arrest those involved, the entire community denied that anything had taken place. The man had been humiliated a second time, this time, betrayed as a liar and then he had to move away. No way.

That should be dumped in a wheelbarrow. Had he been out drinking though? No, no, he was coming back from work because everyone was on strike and he'd broken, he'd crossed the group bigot lines. He was a scap- Can I say slight counter argument of that being horrendous. You. You. You. You. You. You. You. the sh. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their. their crossed the group bigot lines. He was a scound. Can I say, slight counter arguments of that being horrendous is you finished your shift, you're knackered, you're like, I can't be bothered to walk home, I'm so tired. I live at the top of the hill. Next thing you know you're in a wheelbarrow being pushed home. The first taxi service in mid-Wales. Until it is humiliation, no way, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, to, to, from the world of humiliation. to balance things out. From the world of humiliation, let's go to the world of celebration, let's celebrate some of you, our subscribers. It's time for Ellis to to take you back to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to the to things out. From the world of humiliation, let's go to the world of

celebration. Let's celebrate some of you our subscribers. It's time for Ellis to take you back on a trip on the one day time machine. It's the one day time machine. It's the one day time machine. It's the one day time machine. Yes, here we go on the one day time machine and I'm taking a lot of lucky subscribers this week back on a very, very early 1960s package holiday. That's right, we've set the coordinates. We are going to, we're going to Spain and it's a 1960 and Chris Moore, Pinkhobe Goblin and Russell 82 have all got the squits. That's right. They can't... Straight away.

They can't handle Spanish food. They've been eating a diet of nothing but toast and cups of tea in the UK. And that's it. It's a Piela. It's immediately too rich for them. James Brooker, L. Parks and Izzy Why? They think that this newfangl sun cream is is is is th. th. th. th. th. th. th. th. th. thi. thi. thi. thu. thu. thu. thu, thu, thuil, thus, thus, thi, thi, thi, thi, thi, thi, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, and, and, thi. And, and, and, and, thi. And, and, and, thi, and, thi, thi, thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. thi. Wea. thi. thi. th? They think that this newfangle sun cream is an awful lot of fuss about nothing. Oh we never burn, we've got good skin. Well that has been proven to be false because they are as red as beetroot, Henry Thomas, Jillian Martin and Lerri-Pew. They're having an absolutely fantastic time though. They're enjoying the Spanish guitar. They're enjoying a nice glass of rosy. Is it red wine? Is it white wine is wine. the the wine. the wine. th. th. the wine. It's wine. th. It's wines the th. th. th. th. th. th. th. th. thiii thi thi thi thi thi thi thi-s thi-s thi-s thi-s thuanlucing thoan thoom-s. Oh thoan thoan th. th. th. th. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. of rosé. Is it red wine? Is it white wine? It's something in the middle? Is it both wines being mixed? Is that what rosy is? No one can tell them? But they're

having an absolutely fantastic time. Are we going to come back? No, because by today's standards if you take inflation into account, this holiday costs us about 58,000 points. This is the holiday of a lifetime. Espania 1960 will be talking about this for the rest of time with the rest of our lives. Leripu, she's taking a photo on an old Kodak instamatic camera. She's taking a photo of some French bread because she finds the shape of French bread just so funny. She's like, I can't believe it. I'm assuming Leroy Pius well. I can't wait to show the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people the people in the people in the people in the people in the people in the people in their. I'm that I'm thoomorrow. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm. I'm to. I'm to. to. to. to. to. to. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. t. to. to. to. to. to. to. to. to show the people in Wales the shape of this. Bread! Long bread! It doesn't make any sense! I'm eating this in Spain, but you know, continental Europe, it's all much of a mucinus.

They might be, yeah, it might be sort of on the border of Spain maybe. It's, yeah, yeah, it's, it's the Basque Country. So it's the, it's the Basque Country. So it's it's the b it's the ba it's the ba it's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basin. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. the Basque. the Basque. the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. It's the Basque. the Basque. th. the Basque. th. th. the Basin. It's the Basin. the Basin. the Basin. the Basque. the Basque. the the th. the th. th. th. th. thia. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. tha. It's the Basque Country, is it? Northern Spain is it Southern France. Who can really tell? It's the, you'll like this, Ellis, it's the Bread Basque Country. That's why there's Fred. Yes, that is. Yes, what a lovely way to end. Anyway, Chris Moore, Pinkoblin, Russell, to do, sorry about the squits. James Brook, El-Parkey. I hope you enjoy the pie-a-a-o'-in, th-in, th-in, th-in, th-in, th-o, th-s-s-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-s. th-nip-nipe, the-nipe, the-nip. the-in, the-n'-n'-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a, it, it, it, it, it, it's, it, the-a, the-a, the-a, the-a, the-a, the-a, the-b, the-b, the-b, the-b, the-n-n-b – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––in'-n'-n'-n'-n'-n'-n'-n'-n'-n'-wo'-n'-a-a-a-a-a-a-a'-a'-a' you enjoyed your Piela. And Henry, Jillian and the Lerri-Pew, you seem to have a good time. If you would like to be mentioned in this part of the show, you can become an O-Watertime subscriber. You can become a full-timer. Exactly. And that is well worth doing very briefly. It's 499 a month. You get both parts together, one and two, to, to, the thi. And thi. And thi. And thi. And the thi. And thi. And, thi. And, their, thi. And, thi. And, their, thi. And, thi. And, thi. And, tho, their, their, thi. And, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, thi. And, thi. And, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their, their?? And, tho. And, tho. And, tho. And, thoo. And, thooooooooooome. And, thooooomorrow, thoomorrow, thi. And, thi. And, the Exactly, that is well worth doing very briefly. It's 499 a month. You get both parts together, 1 and 2, you get 2 bonus episodes a month, 3. You also get first dibs on live tickets,

it's all advert free. There's wonderful things coming your way and it's a lovely way to support the show, if you so choose. Whatever way you support to read that too. And if you want to sign up, you can go to Oattertime.com. It's all so simple now. We'll see you guys next week. Thanks so much for spending your time with us. Bye. Bye. the you to