Stuff You Should Know - SYSK Selects: How Homelessness Works

Episode Date: October 13, 2018

Today, millions of people around the world are homeless. In this classic episode, Josh and Chuck take a look at homelessness in the United States, discussing everything from the factors that lead to homelessness to what you can do to help alleviate the situation. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On the podcast, Hey Dude, the 90s called, David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show, Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slip dresses and choker necklaces. We're gonna use Hey Dude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back into the decade of the 90s.

We lived it, and now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it. Listen to Hey Dude, the 90s called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass

and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation? If you do, you've come to the right place because I'm here to help. And a different hot, sexy teen crush boy bander each week to guide you through life. Tell everybody, ya everybody, about my new podcast and make sure to listen so we'll never, ever have to say. Bye, bye, bye.

Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. Hey everyone, Chuck here, and welcome to the Saturday Stuff You Should Know Select episode. I picked this one out this week. It's a, well, it's our famous homelessness episode. And for those of you who don't know,

we recorded this and released it around Christmas time, December 23rd, 2010. We thought it would give everyone the warm fuzzies and make people want to go help those in need. But no, actually it did do that for some of you, but we actually got a lot of flack over this one. And very disappointingly, a lot of people wrote in and said, you know what, people deserve to be homeless.

They put themselves there. I am not supposed to help them if they can't help themselves, screw it. And that was really disappointing to hear, but we stand by the show, I think it's a good one. So please to enjoy our episode on homelessness from 2010 and have a great Saturday. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from HowStuffWorks.com.

Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me as Charles W. Chuck Bryant, fresh off of the Stuff You Should Know Facebook page, where we've been discussing all manner of interesting stuff like Bob Ross has come up. Have you been posting Bob Ross videos? I did, he's the best. He is, I posted the Peanuts Christmas Times

here little segment. You've been posting some pretty good stuff too, but what's one of your favorite things that have gotten people buzzing lately? Did I post about Bonnie Prince Billy or was that on my own Facebook page? I don't know. Yeah.

Did you? No, because you would have taken it down. I would not have. I would respect your post. I'm sleepy today because of Bonnie Prince Billy last night. I would scoff at it, but I wouldn't take it down. I love that that's become a running gag, is me loving him and you making fun of him.

Go ahead. OK. You ready for me to make fun of him? Yeah. I'm not going to. He seems like a nice guy. OK. So Chuck.

Yes, Josh. Chuckers, I wrote a blog post actually recently on homelessness. I read it. Did you read it? Yeah. Really? I read your stuff, man. Are you kidding?

I'm a fan. Really? Yes, really. So the whole thing, then, you know this already, was centered around, well, it started around this news that came out in July that the homeless, the population of homeless school children had risen dramatically to about 1 million kids in US schools

public schools, I would imagine, who were homeless. Yeah. Right? And in one particular area, I think by the number, statistically speaking, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, that's a homeless kid per classroom. Yeah, they had a huge increase, didn't they, there? Oh, yeah.

Something like in that state, period. Yeah, in Sioux Falls school district, it's jumped 44% over the last five years. And what in Texas, like 100 plus percent? Yeah, so across the US, there's been an increase of 41% nationwide, right? Of school children. Yes, of homeless school children.

And so Texas has seen an increase of 139%. Iowa, 136%. The lowest of the highest five is New Jersey, with an 84% increase. And this is, of course, all due to the great recession that's going on right now, right? Yeah, of course. And somebody actually posted, I haven't read the links,

but somebody actually posted a comment on the blog that said, it's bad enough. Homeless school children are depressing enough. But there's plenty of homeless kids out there who aren't in school. Well, yeah, sure. I didn't think about that. So the economic recession is clearly

to blame for this 41% increase in homeless school children. And there's a lot of other factors that over the years have contributed to homelessness, which we'll talk about. But Chuck, let's talk about homelessness in the United States, shall we? And we should say we're just going to concentrate on the United States.

I actually have got a few stats. Do you have? Well, just some stats. OK. So let's go ahead and talk about this and get the around the world out of the way. Worldwide, they approximate. And we should go ahead and say that counting homeless people

is a tough bag, because it changes drastically, week to week sometimes. Well, we should say that there's two ways of doing it. One is it's called a point in time count, where it's basically like, all right, everybody go count the homeless people in your area on this one particular night, and then report it in, and then we'll tally the numbers. And then the other way to do it is basically over a year.

And that's a huge undertaking, usually done by the Census Bureau, that identifies how many people have used homeless shelters, how many of them have been different. And it comes up with a pretty rough number. Well, yeah. But one of the reasons it's difficult is because fortunes change rapidly in this crazy, fast-moving world.

And homeless people sometimes are in cars and campgrounds in places where you can't find them. So it's tough to get the dead accurate numbers. But having said all that, my friend, I do have some stats worldwide. Approximately 100 people around the world are homeless. The UN. What did you say?

100 million people in the world. It sounds like you said 100. That 100 million. The UN says there's about 30 million displaced indigenous people. I don't know if they count that as homeless necessarily. I would imagine. So that might be a part of that larger number.

And then I started thinking about, are there homeless everywhere? And of course there are. But I said, what about places like Sweden and Norway like where you would not expect homeless people? They have them there. But Sweden only has about 17,000 homeless out of 9.3 million people.

So it's a pretty small percentage. Norway, though, has 1.4 homeless people per every 1,000 people, which is not too far off America's percentage. Really? Because we have about 1%, right? About 3 to 3.5 million people is the latest number I saw. The latest number I saw is actually less than that. What was it?

And this doesn't make sense because the homelessness population has increased in the US since the recession. Yes. So the 2005 number, I think, was 2.3 and 3.5 million between those two, like you just said. But then there's another one from 2009. It's 1.56. So the numbers are all over the place.

I bet that's not right. Yeah. So that's a little bit from around the world. Russia, China, Africa, Canada, it happens everywhere. But most of this is US-based because that's where we are. What we can say, though, is that percentage-wise, there's a disproportionate number of minorities that are homeless.

Minorities in this country make up about 12% of the population. And African-Americans make up about 50%. And another 13% are Hispanic, homeless in the United States. Right. African-Americans account for between 38% and 50% of the homeless population, right? But they only make up about 12% of the US population? Yeah.

Right. And obviously, you'll see most of this in big cities, but it's a problem in rural areas as well. As well. And typically, homeless families make up a greater proportion of the homeless in rural areas. Which is that any kind of homelessness is sad, but an entire family being homeless, that's really tough.

Chuck, we talked about what was driving homelessness right now. Driving the increase is the recession. But in the late 20th and this century as well, 21st, there's been a combination of factors. And the two biggest drivers are poverty and increase in poverty and a decrease in the availability of affordable housing.

Two huge factors, in addition to others that we'll talk about later, that have contributed to people not having a home. That's the saddest stat. What is? Well, because we'll talk about all the other factors, like drugs and alcohol and mental health and stuff like that. But it's sad that the reason why people don't have homes

is because they can't afford housing. Right. And here's something. I just want to put this out there now. I was reading a history of homelessness in the US. And the author was basically saying, homelessness has been around forever. Like apparently, 14th century England had vagrancy laws.

Right? I'm sure, yeah. People who have been homeless have been not necessarily living on the streets, but don't have a permanent residence. And that's an important point too. When we talk about homelessness, we're not just talking about people sleeping on the streets. We're not just talking about people sleeping in emergency

shelters or even in their cars. The true, genuine definition of homelessness is you don't have a home. Right. You don't have a place that's your own. You're staying with family. You live in a weekly motel. Right.

That's homeless as well. Yeah, true. Right? But back to the history of homelessness, the author was saying, we've had homeless in the US since we've been here. Yeah. The difference is we used to have homeless

because we couldn't afford to give them work. Right, right. We couldn't afford to take care of them. Right. Now, we can't afford to take care of them. We just don't. Right. You know?

Well, yeah, that's interesting. You brought that up because I was reading about other countries. And America seems to be unique in a very bad way in that a lot of Americans feel like it's deserved. And because you messed up by doing something really bad or you're on alcohol or drugs, and a lot of Americans take that attitude that homeless people deserve to be homeless.

And then most of the rest of Americans just don't think about it at all. Exactly. And it's a very invisible problem. Right. Or there are people that do care and don't think they deserve it. Right.

And they're what we call good people. Or advocates. Yeah, advocates. Yeah. They're on their side, get your shoe up and shock. On the podcast, paydude the 90s called David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slip dresses

and choker necklaces. We're going to use Hey Dude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back into the decade of the 90s. We lived it. And now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it. It's a podcast packed with interviews, co-stars,

friends, and non-stop references to the best decade ever. Do you remember going to Blockbuster? Do you remember Nintendo 64? Do you remember getting Frosted Tips? Was that a cereal? No, it was hair. Do you remember AOL Instant Messenger and the dial-up sound like poltergeist?

So leave a code on your best friend's beeper, because you'll want to be there when the nostalgia starts flowing. Each episode will rival the feeling of taking out the cartridge from your Game Boy, blowing on it and popping it back in as we take you back to the 90s. Listen to Hey Dude, the 90s called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. The hardest thing can be knowing who to turn to when questions arise or times get tough, or you're at the end of the road. Ah, OK, I see what you're doing. Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation?

If you do, you've come to the right place, because I'm here to help. This, I promise you. Oh, god. Seriously, I swear. And you won't have to send an SOS, because I'll be there for you. Oh, man.

And so will my husband, Michael. Um, hey, that's me. Yeah, we know that, Michael, and a different hot, sexy, teen crush boy band are each week to guide you through life, step by step. Oh, not another one. Kids, relationships, life in general, can get messy. You may be thinking, this is the story of my life.

Just stop now. If so, tell everybody, yeah, everybody, about my new podcast, and make sure to listen, so we'll never, ever have to say bye, bye, bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to podcasts. So how do people get homeless, Josh? Well, Chuck, let's talk about it.

We said that poverty and lack of affordable housing are two of the biggest drivers. With poverty, OK? Yeah. Right now, when you quantify poverty and the poverty line, you basically figure out how much the average person pays in a state or in a nation or something like that for housing, utilities, food, that kind of thing.

Then you set a line and say, anything below this is you're eligible for government assistance, right? You're poverty stricken. In the US, the poverty line is somewhere around $17,000 a year for a family of three, right? The problem is there's a big disparity between the poverty line and the minimum wage. So the federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour, right?

Yep. For a person to work 40 hours a week, that's a normal work week, 52 weeks a year. Yeah, no vacation. None, like they work five days a week every week. They would gross $15,080. That's not very much money. Right, so you're actually falling below the poverty line,

making the federal minimum wage, right? And then consider that actually to afford a two-bedroom apartment. This is the median across the states. To afford a two-bedroom apartment, at 30% of your income, which is the definition of affordable housing. Yeah, 30%.

At making $7.25 an hour, you'd have to work 87 hours a week. Ridiculous. So there's a big part of the problem right there. Well, yeah, it said one of the stats in here that was shocking was about 15% of homeless people actually have jobs. I saw 44%, actually. Oh, really? Not in this article, but just across the internet.

Interesting. Yeah, 44. What is clear is that a lot of people end up homeless that don't think they would ever end up homeless. They live paycheck to paycheck. They have a job and they're getting by. But then something happens. They either lose a job or they have

some outrageous medical bills or some catastrophe happens. And then your average Joe or Jane with a job can find themselves homeless pretty easily sometimes. It's not always just some schizophrenic who has a heroin problem. In fact, most of the time I would say it's not. We also talked about a lack of affordable housing, right? We said the definition of affordable housing

is 30% of your income. Apparently, there are 5 million? Is that what you're shooting for? Yeah. Yeah, 5 million US households pay more than half of their income in rent. That is unbelievable. That's called worst case scenario.

And the rule of thumb is if you pay a quarter, you're doing good. Oh, really? Yeah. So yeah, half of your income in rent, you're in a bad way. Yeah, you shouldn't be living in whatever big city you're living in. Well, that also encompasses that worst case scenario.

Also encompasses people who live in substandard housing as well. Oh, yeah, true. So it's not just how much you're paying out. It's what you're paying for. Right, right. Or a combination of the two, right? Part of the problem, Chuck, do you remember Techwood?

Yeah, Techwood housing? Techwood housing, right across the street. No, it's not. And remember, they demolished Techwood, which is like the projects in Atlanta, right before the Olympics. They were just gone. And it was like, OK, all you poor people, you don't have to go home because you don't have one anymore,

but you can stay here. And that was that. And apparently, there was a nationwide trend since the 80s. Yes, between 80 and 2003, more than 2 million low rent housing units were basically either demolished or turned into high-rise, expensive high-rises. Right, and during that same period from 80 to 2003, government assistance for housing fell by half, decreased

by half. So that's going to equal a lot of homeless. So it's not only are we not helping the homeless, we're actually creating homeless. Right. Wow. So we talked about, obviously, pay and being down on your luck temporarily, living paycheck to paycheck.

Right. Why else would you become homeless? Well, you kind of hit the nail on the head a little bit when you talked about heroin-addicted schizophrenics. Yeah. Those can be a combination of those two. Or separately, mental illness and addiction are two big factors in homelessness as well.

But with the mentally ill, apparently about 20% to 25% of all homeless people have some type of mental illness. Right. That brings up a really interesting point. Have you ever heard the urban legend that Ronald Reagan is responsible for the increase in homelessness because he closed down all of the mental institutions?

Yes, I have heard that. That's actually not too far off the mark. When he was governor of California from like 67 to 74, he shut down a lot of these state-run psychiatric hospitals. Oh, really? When he became president, one of the major things he cut funding to was the treatment of mental illness. And because of this cut in funding,

a lot of mental hospitals shut down, and a lot of mentally ill people found themselves homeless. So kind of indirectly, in that sense, he definitely contributed to an increase in homelessness. Well, should we go ahead and talk about the McKinley-Vento Act then, since we're talking Reagan? Well, yeah. No, here we go.

He also signed the first, and it says, only significant homeless act of Congress. Right, 1987, right? Yeah, the McKinley-Vento Act that had a different name, but then they named it after Stuart McKinney and Bruce Vento, who were two of the biggest champions. Right. And it had all sorts of cool programs in it, right?

Yeah, emergency shelter, transitional housing, health care, food, job training, substance abuse services, all kinds of cool stuff. Yeah, and it's really ironic that he was the president that signed that into law, because he is also widely credited, and this is going to take off so many Republican listeners. He is widely credited as creating the homeless problem

in the US, not just through deinstitutionalization, but through the creation of the wealth gap that we've seen between 1980 and now. You talked about substance abuse, and about two-thirds of homeless people struggle with some kind of alcohol or drug problem, not surprisingly. And then, sadly, domestic violence

has a big part to do with it, especially with women. About half the women are battered women, and they oftentimes don't have anywhere to go. If they're brave enough to actually flee their jerk husband, abusive husband, then they have nowhere to be, because their husband might be the sole breadwinner in that kind of circumstance. So they have battered women shelters,

thank God, just for women that suffer from abuse. And kids, too, I think half of homeless runaways were fleeing domestic abuse, or homeless kids on their own, I guess, were fleeing domestic abuse. And about 20%, were fleeing sexual abuse. But it doesn't stop there. Unfortunately, when you are homeless on the street, you encounter even more abuse many times.

You leave home. You leave an abusive situation at home. You go live on the street, then you get attacked on the street for being homeless. Or you are forced into doing really bad things for food and shelter and stuff like that, untoward things. At the bus station. At the bus station.

And veterans, Josh, are a big part of our homeless problem. And that, I can't say saddest of all, because it's all really sad. But when you're veterans, when you've got to fight for this country, and you end up one of the 200,000 homeless single men, usually with mental illness, substance abuse problems, because of maybe post-traumatic stress disorder,

that is heartbreaking. Yeah, and again, you just keep hitting that nail right on the head, man. There's a lot of overlap in problems or factors in homelessness, like veterans may be, homeless veterans may be more prone to having a substance abuse problem, or suffering from a mental illness like PTSD, or substance abuse and mental illness

overlap in other people as well. And part of the problem is you get into a vicious cycle. There are far fewer services available, easily accessible, on the street than there are if you have a house, and an income, and an address, and a phone number, and all the normal stuff that you just kind of need to be able to get by in the US these days.

And you look at something like the Department of Veterans Affairs, which does as good a job as they can, as far as I know, but they can only accommodate about 25% of homeless veterans. But what's so frustrating is that they could accommodate all of them. They could if they wanted to. If they had the funding.

So you see these record bonuses for CEOs on one hand, and then you hear about homeless veterans, the money's out there. Yes, and I'm glad it was veterans that got you. I hope it's homeless school children that get somebody else. I hope somebody hears us and realizes that we have all the money we need to take care of everybody. It's just some of the wealthiest

are going to have to give up a little bit of it so that some of the poorest have a house. It's as simple as that. We have the means, just not the will. Yeah, and we're not talking about just some social program with these alcoholics living off my dime. We're talking about homeless veterans and children and abused women.

And even if it is alcoholic veterans, we've already learned. Have we not learned already that alcoholism in all addiction is a brain disease that follows the brain disease model these days. You need treatment. Well, that's that whole stupid American idea that I talked about was that some people feel like they deserve to be homeless.

They see them on the street, and they think, what did you do to get here? Yeah. Instead of, what can I do to help you? Yeah. Well, this has touched the nerve today. It's homelessness. Well, it really should.

I'm not shocked, but I'm glad I'm angry. That's what I'm saying. OK, I'm glad you're angry, too, Chuck. So, Joshers, let's talk about some of the effects. And a lot of these you can file under duh, but it bears saying. Well, you were talking about women's shelters. Yeah.

Well, women's shelters only let in women. And if you have a teenage son, you can kiss him goodbye. Yeah. So bye-bye family unit. Yeah. Physical attacks. Homeless people are attacked, beaten, kicked, chained, peed on, urinated, spray-painted.

Yeah. Peed on. Lit on fire. Peed on is pretty bad. Yeah. Just because they're homeless, people will go out and beat up homeless people. Yeah.

Well, there's a whole line of thinking that serial killers practice on drifters early on. Yeah, yeah. Sure. Hey, dude, the 90s called David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show, Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slip dresses and choker necklaces. We're going to use Hey Dude as our jumping off point,

but we are going to unpack and dive back into the decade of the 90s. We lived it, and now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it. It's a podcast packed with interviews, co-stars, friends, and nonstop references to the best decade ever. Do you remember going to Blockbuster? Do you remember Nintendo 64?

Do you remember getting frosted tips? Was that a cereal? No, it was hair. Do you remember AOL Instant Messenger and the dial-up sound like poltergeist? So leave a code on your best friend's beeper, because you'll want to be there when the nostalgia starts flowing. Each episode will rival the feeling

of taking out the cartridge from your Game Boy, blowing on it and popping it back in as we take you back to the 90s. Listen to Hey Dude, the 90s, called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. The hardest thing can be knowing who to turn to when

questions arise or times get tough, or you're at the end of the road. OK, I see what you're doing. Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation? If you do, you've come to the right place, because I'm here to help.

This, I promise you. Oh, god. Seriously, I swear. And you won't have to send an SOS, because I'll be there for you. Oh, man. And so my husband, Michael. Um, hey, that's me. Yeah, we know that, Michael.

And a different hot, sexy, teen crush boy bander each week to guide you through life step by step. Oh, not another one. Kids, relationships, life in general can get messy. You may be thinking, this is the story of my life. Just stop now. If so, tell everybody, yeah, everybody, about my new podcast, and make sure to listen,

so we'll never, ever have to say bye, bye, bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. Uh, health effects for kids, if you're homeless, you're going to have a higher rate of stomach problems, asthma, ear infections, depression, anxiousness. PTSD is pretty prevalent. Yeah.

It's a cause of ang, is caused by homelessness, and not just adults, but kids as well. Right. Like, you can actually start to develop PTSD because you don't know where you're going to sleep the next night. Wow. I mean, think about it, Chuck.

Like, have you ever been without a home? No. Like, I would think it can be really weird to not know where you're going to stay, or to not just, you know, have a hard day at work, or a hard day at school, and to go to know that at the end of this day, you have no idea where you're going to sleep. Maybe you're going to sleep in your car.

Maybe you're going to sleep in the woods. But you don't get to just rest. You don't get to just take a shower, pop a beer, and watch, you know, TV, or whatever it takes to unwind. So your stress level is heightened constantly without any resolution to it. And of course, you're going to suffer PTSD, or at least stomach aches, or something bad.

Right. Adults, too, it's not just kids. They can get frostbite, leg ulcers, respiratory infections, HIV and AIDS, and diabetes are more common. Yeah, apparently, they're way more common in the homeless population. So lots of health effects going on. Josh.

I agree, Chuck. So Chuck, we talked about Reagan as both creator and alleviator of homelessness. You talked about some of the programs that the McKinney-Vento Act created. Some of the other programs that have been developed in the United States are like Section 8 housing, right? Do you know about this?

Oh, yeah. That's, well, there's homeless shelters, which are like the emergency beds when it's cold, that kind of thing, where you can go temporarily. Right, and a lot of those are, I would say most. I don't have any numbers on this, but I would say most of those are privately operated. Oh, really?

Yeah. Interesting. And then there is the Section 8 thing that you were talking about, which is not public housing. It's when you fill out a Section 8 voucher and you can go find just a regular private apartment to rent from a landlord. It's got to fit certain requirements.

And if you meet all those requirements, you only have to pay 30% of the rent in bills. And then the government pays the other 70%? Straight to the landlord. So that's Section 8. But Section 8, there are huge waiting lists. And I read that a lot of cities have shut it down until the list gets smaller.

And they're like, there's no point in keeping a list of four years, five years. We're just going to shut it down, get the list smaller, and then open it back up in a couple of years. So good luck getting Section 8, if that's what you're trying to do. And you talked about, did you mention public housing? No.

So you talked about shelters. Apparently, there were 500,000 beds in 2005. There's now 643,000, or where there was in 2009. And about 3 million to 3.5 million homeless people. Yeah, but that's a pretty significant increase in five years. Yeah, that's true. But with public housing, if Section 8 is not an option,

there is public housing. Or there used to be, at least at Techwood, which is basically like an apartment block where you go and live and you pay what you can. And as long as you follow the rules, I just made air quotes, you can stay there as long as you like, ideally. Again, there's not that many public housing units, or not as many as there used to be.

We need to talk about food banks, because that's a big part of being homeless is getting your meal. And the United States, it's not like starvation in other countries where there is no food. There's lots of food here. Lots of food is thrown away. So since the 1960s, you know.

Did you know that there is an estimate that up to half of the food we produce is thrown away? Really? Half. In the US. And the low estimate is a quarter. Wow. Yeah.

I tell you what, never go get a job in the film industry if you want to. The food waste depresses you. Oh, the craft services thing. And just catering the whole thing, you know. It's ridiculous. But food banks have been around since about the 60s. And that, everyone knows, you can donate canned goods

and non-perishable items. And they will distribute them to homeless shelters and homeless people directly sometimes. Yeah. So that's a big deal. You ever volunteered anything like that? Yeah, I've done the Thanksgiving thing before. This makes me want to do more than that, though, you know.

Yeah. That feels like going to church on Easter. You know, we should build like an addition under your house that we can house homeless people in. We can go pick them up on the street. There you go. Chuck Squatville. We can put up a lean to or something.

Chuck Squatville. It's not a bad idea. Job training, though. I mean, we talk about things like public housing and the projects. And that's all well and good to give people a place to be. But at the same time, you don't, and this is where the Republicans can go, yeah, say it.

At the same time, you don't want to support a nation of people on the government's dime without offering some kind of job training and something to say, hey, let us help you get on your feet. Let us help you get a job in data entry or on the manufacturing line or whatever. So luckily, there are groups like the Coalition for the Homeless first step that provide this kind of job

training. And the veterans are doing the same thing with the Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program. Right. And I should say, there isn't a homeless alleviation program in existence in the US that's geared toward simply taking care of people. Really?

All of them are geared toward ending homelessness in the individual and collectively through things like job training, through things like helping to write resumes. Yeah, rehab. Rehab's a huge one. Mental health treatment, getting people cheap drugs, getting them to a point where they're not homeless anymore,

like it's addressing the factors of homelessness, not you don't feel like work. And so here's some money that doesn't exist. And I suspect that there's not really a desire to just have somebody give you some money and not do anything ever and just be poor in anybody. I don't know. That's my opinion.

We disagree. That's awesome. Well, I don't know if I disagree or not. I don't have enough time to think about that right now. All right. What can you do, though? Well, we can build lean twos on your squatting land. You can volunteer, like you said.

Right. Give your time. If you don't have the dough, give a little time. If you do have the dough, and it's not necessarily just dough, you can donate old toys and books and toiletries and clothes, that old computer that's gathering dust that you could get $75 for on Craigslist. You should donate that instead.

Write it off on your taxes. Yeah. And maybe homeless people can get trained how to use that computer. Yeah. Or you could donate your car. Yeah. Oh, yeah.

That's a big one. Yeah. You can be an advocate, try to raise awareness, letter campaigns, all sorts of things you can do there. You can hire homeless people. Yes, they do have skills, as we've seen. A lot of people who are recently homeless may also just be recently unemployed as well.

Yeah. And have job skills. Yeah. And then the last one on the list in the article, which I thought was great, respect, huge. When you see that homeless person on the street, don't let the first thought to be in your head, hey, jerk, how did you mess up to get here?

Maybe you should think, hey, did you develop schizophrenia in your 30s and lose your job because of that and get split up from your child because you couldn't care for your child, even though you want to. Because it happened to Will Smith. I was hoping we could make it through this without bringing up that stupid movie.

The pursuit of hapiness. Yeah. Yeah, well, they make a movie about it. It was such a big deal. Everyone knows that guy was homeless with a son. And now he's rich. He's worth $65 million. Yeah.

Actually, you know what story I like better? It was the one in this article. That was a guy. What was his name, David? Yeah, he's quoted, David Pertle. Yeah, he was quoted in that respect part. Yeah, he was just a regular dude, had a job as a restaurant manager, college graduate.

And for 15 years as a restaurant manager and developed schizophrenia, got fired, ended up hitchhiking and homeless for two years on the streets of DC. And now I think he's heading up a homeless group in DC now, isn't he? Yeah, I think he's an executive at it. But he's quoted in this article in the respect,

like, what can you do? He says, most of the despair in being homeless comes from being treated like you don't exist. Right. And there's something we should point out, Chuck. Throughout this, it's however many minutes into this podcast, we've just now used the first homeless person's name, first and last name, of the whole podcast.

There's a whole conception of invisibility. Yeah, the nameless. They are. They're not the nameless. You can completely interchange that with the homeless. That's just as faceless, just as nameless, just as genderless, just as identityless. And I just want to close and get everybody over to OnDesign.

There's this awesome blog post by a guy named John Thakara, T-H-A-C-K-A-R-A, called Look or Connect. And he's talking about, he's using photography to demonstrate how we treat the homeless and how we should treat the homeless. And there's a photography book called Shelter. And this guy roamed around Europe and took photos of homeless impromptu makeshift shelters,

of blankets hanging over a limb in the woods or someplace under an overpass. But in every single picture, it's just the shelter. Not one homeless person appears in this whole book. Interesting. And Thakara is pointing out, this is kind of emblematic of how we view the homeless. And then he was also kind of crediting a girl

named Erika Schultz, who's a photographer out of Seattle. And she has a series called Invisible Families. And she photographs the homeless. But then the caption, she includes captions beneath the photograph. And it's of that person. So there's one of a little kid walking through a homeless camp. And he's got this bamboo stick up.

You see him? And the caption is, here Jack Ehren, age nine, marches with the bamboo stick while staying at a city located in Skyway. Sometimes Jack would enlist fellow Nickelodeon, so it's in quotes, to help him look for worms. On other days, he'd play on a pogo stick in mud puddles or with the resident cabin kitten that

had six digits on one paw. The bamboo stick was a gift. So that's a person now, not a homeless kid. That's Jack Ehren, age nine. Well, and the gentleman from DC suggests that if you have a regular walk to work in a city or something where you see the same homeless person on a daily basis, then ask them what their name is one day.

Call them by their name. Look them in the eye. If you don't have to give them money if you don't want to, little things like that can make a big difference in a person's self-esteem and maybe allows them to view themselves as human again. And you can give them, if you're worried about, given the money that they spend on alcohol or something,

give them get a little food, gift voucher, something like that. So there it is, everybody, our fifth summation of the podcast, fifth and final. Yes. If you want to learn more about homelessness, you can type that word into the search bar at How Stuff Works, the blank, generic, genderless, identity list search bar.

Very nice. And since I said that, it's time for, is it listener mailman? Yeah, and in the spirit of this podcast, we're going to do a big ol' Kiva roundup. You want to explain what Kiva is real quick? Kiva is a website where schmoes like you and me can go and donate, well, I shouldn't say donate, lend increments of $25

to entrepreneurs in developing countries and people on their way up here in the United States even. These loans are pulled together to create a larger loan, which ultimately repay a loan that's already been made to the person. And then that person uses it for their business, repays the loan, you actually get your $25 back. That's right, if you want. And you can reinvest it.

And basically, it's microlending. Yes. And we have our own loan team, which we are proud to say, is the number four team and members on all of Kiva now. I know, that's really something. Behind Atheists, number one, Christians are number two. They're so angry and right behind the atheists. And Team Obama is number three, and little old us

are right there in front of Australia. So let's go over that list again. Go for it, Chuck, from one to four. Atheists of America, Christian Coalition. Team Obama, stuff you should know, Australia. It's so awesome. Pretty cool. And we have, as of today, we've loaned

as a collective 3,406 members of loan, 10,813 loans to the tune of $313,825. So that is not bad. Is this going to be up for Christmas? I don't know. Jerry, yes? We would suggest you can get a Kiva gift certificate and give it to your loved one at Christmas.

It's a nice little cool thing to do. Like it's stocking stuffer. Right. And they go and lend it. But ultimately, if they want, they're just postponing getting that 25 or 50 or 75 bucks cash for a month or two. And with that, Josh? Because it's repaid.

Yeah, it's repaid. It's not a donation. And with that, here comes a listener mail because this one really got me. Two of them really quick. Hi, guys. My name is Kara. And I am another one of your 13-year-old fans.

Just want to say hi and how much I love your show. Some friends and I make and sell jewelry and donate the profits to Kiva. That is awesome. I know you guys have your own Kiva team. And I love that you use your power to do good. Since most people haven't heard of Kiva, please mention this on your show.

It'd be so great to get some business that we can re-loan. You can see some of our jewelry and loans at www.tinyurl.com slash Project Raw. And I went today, and they have these little earrings and little necklaces and rings and things that these 13-year-old girls make by hand. And they've loaned $375 so far. Awesome.

And that is Kara in Kensington, Maryland. And that is so cool. I can't even talk about it when 13-year-olds are doing stuff like this and CEOs are getting rich and thumbing their nose at the rest of the world. So Karma's going to bite you one day, sir. And this one, we usually don't plug other Kiva teams, but we're going to, because this is from our buddy Sergeant

Nudley promoted, Staff Sergeant Walker. Oh, all right. Mr. Bryant, with your inspiration, I've started my own Kiva team for the Armed Forces. Wait, the whole Armed Forces? Yeah, he started an Army team. OK. So if you're, well, he says Armed Forces Kiva team,

but it says Army in the URL. OK. So if you're in the Marine Corps, do not give. It is www.kiva.org slash team slash US underscore Army underscore Kiva underscore team. And he says, wondering if you could just give a little shout out to all the Armed Forces personnel listening to your show. And can they donate to our Army team?

And so I'm going to encourage you to donate for the Army team. Everyone else donate for the stuff you should know team. And support Project Raw. I can't believe you do this without checking with me first. You don't want to support EMG. I'm so sorry. Anyway, good holiday mojo coming your way if you get involved with stuff like this.

Well, congratulations on the promotion, Staff Sergeant Walker Cara. Congratulations on being a very, very cool 13-year-old. Actually, a very, very cool person in general. That's right. Since it's around Christmas time and I'm about to weep, why don't we just bring it on home, drive it through my heart with the sweetest Christmas story

you've ever heard in your entire life. That's fact-based. Have you got one? No. Oh. I'm just saying. You're asking for them. I'm on the burjvits here.

So I want to just go ahead and have my cathartic outburst. I got a little weepy a couple of times too. Did you really? No. OK, good. If you have a good story for us, a good holiday story, we want to hear it. Send it in an email.

You can wrap it up. Tie the ribbon on tight. Make sure the card is attached. And send it to StuffPodcast at HowStuffWorks.com. For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit HowStuffWorks.com. On the podcast, Hey Dude, the 90s called, David Lasher and Christine Taylor,

stars of the cult classic show Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slipdresses and choker necklaces. We're going to use Hey Dude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back into the decade of the 90s. We lived it, and now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it.

Listen to Hey Dude, the 90s called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation? If you do, you've come to the right place because I'm here to help and a different hot, sexy teen

crush boy bander each week to guide you through life. Tell everybody, yeah, everybody about my new podcast and make sure to listen so we'll never, ever have to say bye, bye, bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts.